Genesis Mechanism of Tuffaceous Materials in Paleogene Large-Scale Glutenite Reservoirs and Implications for Hydrocarbon Exploration in the Huizhou Depression, Pearl River Mouth Basin
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摘要: 随着全球能源需求日益增长，砂砾岩油气藏研究逐步深入，新疆准噶尔盆地玛湖大型砾岩油藏、渤海海域渤中19-6大型整装凝析气田及珠江口盆地H6-6构造超百亿方天然气勘探获重大发现，使得砂砾岩体成为油气勘探新领域.基于镜下薄片、扫描电镜与振幅-方差体地震属性分级-拾取-融合分析，综合表征砂砾岩储层中凝灰质性质、分布、来源及其对储层物性与含油气性影响.结果表明弥散分布凝灰质是H6-6构造古近系规模性砂砾岩储层异常的内在原因，其中文昌组和恩平组存在3个火山口，文昌期火山活动持续强烈，以基性和中酸性岩浆溢流或爆炸式喷发，凝灰质大多以相对粗的火山碎屑颗粒形式存在，缺少细粒凝灰质充填孔隙；恩平期火山活动减弱，以中酸性岩浆爆炸式喷发，凝灰质多以细粒凝灰质充填粒间孔隙，对储层破坏作用明显，整体上低凝灰质含量有利于储层孔隙保存，储层含油性好.系统解析砂砾岩储层中凝灰质成因机制对揭示珠江口盆地古近系形成演化有理论意义，同时可服务大中型砂砾岩油气田的勘探需求.Abstract: With increasing of the global energy consumption, the study of glutenite oil and gas reservoirs have been gradually deepened. Especially, significant discoveries of conglomeratic reservoirs have been made in the Mahu area, Junggar basin of Xinjiang, integrated condensate gas field of BZ19-6 in the offshore Bohai Bay Basin, and discovered over 10 billion cubic meters of gas in the H6-6 structure, Pearl River Mouth Basin, which making the glutenite reservoirs have become a new field of oil and gas exploration.The properties, distribution and sources of volcanic tuff in the glutenite reservoir and their effects on the reservoir physical properties and oil and gas properties were comprehensively characterized based on the thin section, scanning electron microscope and amplitude-variance seismic attribute grading-picking-fusion analysis. The results show that the dispersed distribution of volcanic tuff is the inherent reason of the Paleogene large-scale glutenite reservoir anomaly in the H6-6 structure. There are 3 craters in the Wenchang and Enping formations. The Wenchang volcanic activities continued to be intensive and were represented by magma overflow or explosive eruption of mafic and intermediate-felsic compositions. Most of the tuffaceous compositions are presented as the relatively coarse rock-fragments with the lack of fine-grained tuff filling pores. The Enping volcanic period was weakened with the intermediate-felsic magmatic explosive eruption. The intergranular pores are mostly filled with fine-grained tuffaceous compositions, which had obvious damage to the reservoir of oil and gas. As a whole, low tuffaceous contents are good for the preservation of reservoir pores. Systematic analysis of the genetic mechanism of the tuffaceous compositions in the glutenite reservoir is of theoretical significance to reveal the formation and evolution of the Paleogene Pearl River Mouth Basin, and it can also meet the exploration demands of large and medium-sized glutenite oil and gas reservoirs.
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Key words:
- H6-6 structure /
- paleogene /
- glutenite reservoir /
- tuffaceousmaterials /
- volcanic apparatus /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 珠江口盆地惠州凹陷构造位置(a)、构造单元特征(b)及地层综合柱状图(c)
Fig. 1. Tectonic location (a), structure units characteristics (b), and generalized stratigraphic column of the Huizhou Depression(c), Pearl River Mouth Basin
图 2 珠江口盆地H6⁃6构造文昌组与恩平组中凝灰岩或凝灰质岩石的镜下鉴定特征
a，b. 为棱角状-次棱角状的长石和石英晶屑；c，d. 为具有内凹的不规则熔蚀边的石英晶屑；e，f. 为具有火山岩结构的岩屑，其中e为具交织结构的安山岩岩屑，f为具斑状结构的流纹岩岩屑，且见碎屑石英嵌入流纹岩中（箭头所指）；g. 为具霏细结构的火山玻璃；h. 为具鸡骨状和镰刀状的火山玻璃质碎屑
Fig. 2. Microscopical identification of sedimentary tuff or tuffaceous materials from Wenchang Formation and Enping Formation in the H6⁃6 structure, Pearl River Mouth Basin
图 3 珠江口盆地H6⁃6构造文昌组-恩平组火山机构三维雕刻（a, b）及火山喷发模型(c)
文昌组早期以玄武岩溢流式喷发为主，中间夹流纹质岩浆爆炸式喷发，晚期以中酸性岩浆爆炸式喷发为主；恩平组主体以中酸性岩浆爆炸式喷发为主，早期以安山质和流纹质岩浆为主，晚期以流纹质岩浆为主；蓝色区域代表受流纹质火山喷发影响的H6⁃6⁃1、H6⁃6⁃3与H6⁃6⁃5井，绿色区域代表受安山质火山喷发影响的H6⁃6⁃1、H6⁃6⁃2与H6⁃6⁃4A井，红色实线代表受玄武质火山喷发影响的H6⁃6⁃1与H6⁃6⁃4A井；左上角照片参考墨西哥科利马现代活安山岩火山爆炸式喷发，右上角照片参考夏威夷玄武岩溢流式喷发
Fig. 3. 3⁃D volcanic sculpture (a, b) and eruption model (c) of the Wenchang Formation and Enping Formation in the H6⁃6 structure, Pearl River Mouth Basin
图 4 珠江口盆地H6⁃6构造古近系储层沉积特征
EP. 恩平组；WC. 文昌组
Fig. 4. Sedimentary characteristics of Paleogene reservoirs in the Huizhou 6⁃6 structure, Pearl River Mouth Basin
图 5 珠江口盆地H6⁃6构造凝灰质微观赋存特征
a. 颗粒分选差，粒间充填凝灰质，H6⁃6⁃1井3 158.4 m，恩平组；b. 凝灰质蚀变为自生绿泥石强烈充填孔隙，H6⁃6⁃1井3 158.4 m，恩平组；c. 长柱状呈集合体形态的浊沸石与绿泥石伴生，HZ6⁃6⁃1井3 158.4 m，恩平组；d. 颗粒分选好，原生孔隙发育，H6⁃6⁃1井3 399.4 m，文昌组；e. 火山岩岩屑发生溶蚀形成次生孔隙，H6⁃6⁃1井3 399.4 m，文昌组；f. 粒间孔隙比较发育，可见局部发育次生石英和绿蒙混层矿物，H6⁃6⁃1井3 399.4 m，文昌组；Q. 石英；C/S. 绿蒙混层矿物
Fig. 5. Photomicrographs of tuffaceous materials in the H6⁃6 structure, Pearl River Mouth Basin
图 6 珠江口盆地H6⁃6构造古近系储层物性垂向变化
Fig. 6. Vertical variation of Paleogene reservoir properties in the H6⁃6 structure, Pearl River Mouth Basin
图 7 珠江口盆地H6⁃6构造古近系储层凝灰质含量与物性及含油性关系
Fig. 7. Relationship between the content of tuffaceous materials, physical properties and oiliness of Paleogene reservoirs in the H6⁃6 structure, Pearl River Mouth Basin
表 1 珠江口盆地H6⁃6构造井中凝灰质岩石垂向分布特征
Table 1. Vertical distribution characteristics of tuffaceous materials in the H6⁃6 structure, Pearl River Mouth Basin
H6-6-1 H6-6-4A H6-6-4 H6-6-3 H6-6-2 H6-6-5 EP21 / 中酸性
凝灰质中酸性
凝灰质/ 中酸性
凝灰质流纹质
凝灰质EP22 流纹质
凝灰质/ 中酸性
凝灰质/ 中酸性
凝灰质/ EP23 流纹质/
安山质
凝灰质中酸性凝灰质
安山质火山角砾凝灰质
安山质
火山角砾流纹质
凝灰质中酸性
凝灰质流纹质
凝灰质WC41 流纹质/
安山质
凝灰质中酸性凝灰质
安山质火山角砾安山质
火山角砾流纹质
凝灰质
安山质
火山角砾中酸性
凝灰质未钻遇 WC42 流纹质
凝灰质中酸性凝灰质
安山质火山角砾未钻遇 未钻遇 玄武岩 玄武岩 WC43 流纹质
凝灰质中酸性凝灰质
安山质火山角砾
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