Coupling Relation between Magma Mixing and Igneous Petrological Diversity: An Example of Bairiqili Felsic Pluton in East Kunlun Orogen
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摘要: 壳-幔岩浆相互作用如何影响长英质火成岩的岩石学多样性是当前岩石学研究的焦点问题之一.以岩石类型丰富的东昆仑白日其利长英质岩体和暗色微粒包体为研究对象，开展系统的锆石U-Pb年代学、矿物学、全岩元素地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素研究，探讨和解析这一重要科学问题.LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明，暗色微粒包体（247.8±2.0 Ma）与二长花岗岩（247.5±1.4 Ma）、花岗闪长岩（248.8±2.1 Ma）和石英闪长岩（248.8±1.5 Ma）均侵位结晶于早三叠世.岩相学和矿物学研究表明，白日其利长英质岩石与包体的成因机制与壳-幔岩浆的机械或化学混合作用密切相关.元素地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成研究揭示，幔源镁铁质岩浆端元起源于受俯冲板片流体交代的富集地幔熔融，而壳源长英质岩浆端元则起源于东昆仑古老的变质杂砂岩基底.岩石成因分析揭示，幔源镁铁质岩浆侵入长英质晶粥岩浆房，促使长英质晶粥发生活化，随后壳-幔岩浆端元以不同比例和不同方式发生机械和化学混合等相互作用，从而形成镁铁质岩墙、包体、石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩等多种岩石类型.晶粥状态下壳-幔岩浆相互作用是控制东昆仑长英质火成岩多样性和大陆地壳生长演化的重要方式.Abstract: How crust-mantle magma interaction controls the petrological diversity of the felsic igneous rocks is one of the key scientific issues in petrology research. In this study it takes the Bairiqili felsic pluton which is characterized by its various rock types, as well as its mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) in East Kunlun as the research object, and presents its zircon U-Pb chronology, mineralogy, whole-rock geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic data to discuss the key scientific issue. LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb geochronology indicates that the MMEs (247.8±2.0 Ma), monzogranite (247.5±1.4 Ma), granodiorite (248.8±2.1 Ma) and quartz diorite (248.8±1.5 Ma) all emplaced and crystallized in Early Triassic. Petrographic and mineralogical studies show that the petrogenesis of the felsic rocks and MMEs is closely related to the crust-mantle magma mixing or mingling. Elemental and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopical geochemistry reveals that the mafic magma was originated from partial melting of the enriched mantle which was metasomatized by subduction-related fluid, while the felsic end-member magma was derived from partial melting of the ancient metagreywackes. This study proposes that the mantle-derived mafic magma firstly intruded into the felsic crystal mushy magma chamber, promoting the rejuvenation of this felsic crystal mush. Subsequently, the mixing and mingling interaction occurred between the crust and mantle end-member magmas in different proportions and in different ways, thus formed a variety of igneous rocks including mafic dyke, MMEs, quartz diorite and granodiorite. Crust-mantle magma interaction in crystal mushy state is an important way to control the petrological diversity of felsic rocks and the growth and evolution of continental crust in East Kunlun.
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Key words:
- magma mixing /
- petrological diversity /
- granite /
- mafic microgranular enclave /
- East Kunlun
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图 1 (a) 东昆仑造山带大地构造简图(据Roger et al., 2003修改)；(b)东昆仑东段岩浆岩分布简图(据Xiong et al., 2019)；(c)白日其利岩体地质简图
Fig. 1. Tectonic outline of East Kunlun (after Roger et al., 2003) (a), simplified map of eastern segment of East Kunlun showing the distribution of igneous rocks (after Xiong et al., 2019) (b) and simplified geological map of the Bairiqili pluton (c)
图 2 白日其利长英质岩体的野外岩石学与镜下岩相学照片
a，b.混合程度较高的闪长岩；c.石英闪长岩与花岗闪长岩的野外接触关系；d.花岗闪长岩发育大量大小不一的包体；e.二长花岗岩零星可见包体；f.二长花岗岩的镜下特征；g.花岗闪长岩的斜长石普遍发育复杂环带结构；h.石英闪长岩的斜长石发育环带结构；i.包体具有似斑状结构，斑晶斜长石具有环带结构；Pl.斜长石；Kfs.碱性长石；Q.石英；Hb.角闪石；Bi.黑云母
Fig. 2. Field petrology and photomicrographs of the Bairiqili felsic pluton
图 3 白日其利岩体和包体的锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图、加权平均年龄图及代表性锆石的阴极发光图像
Fig. 3. Zircon U-Pb concordant age diagrams, weighted histograms and CL images for the Bairiqili pluton and enclaves
图 4 (a) 斜长石化学成分及代表性矿物的背散射图像；(b)斜长石的SiO2与An成分关系图；(c)角闪石的分类命名图(据Leake et al., 1997)；(d)角闪石结晶温度与压力关系图
Fig. 4. Chemical compositions and BSE images for the plagioclases (a); SiO2 vs. An diagram of plagioclases (b); classification of the studied amphiboles (after Leake et al., 1997) (c); temperatures vs. pressures diagram for the studied amphiboles (d)
图 5 (a) 全岩SiO2-K2O图解；(b)A/CNK-A/NK图
a据Peccerillo and Taylor, 1976；b据Chappell and White 1974
Fig. 5. SiO2 vs. K2O diagram (a); A/CNK vs. A/NK diagram (b)
图 6 (a) 球粒陨石标准化稀土元素图；(b)原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图
a标准化值据Taylor and Mclennan, 1985；b标准化值据Sun and McDonough（1989）
Fig. 6. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a); primitive mantle-normalized trace element spider diagrams (b)
图 7 (a, b)花岗闪长岩与包体的锆石Hf同位素组成；(c)白日其利岩体与包体的全岩Sr-Nd同位素组成
二叠纪-三叠纪花岗岩资料据Xiong et al.（2019）；洋岛玄武岩和基底岩石资料据郭安林等（2007）和巴金等（2012）
Fig. 7. Zircon Hf isotopic compositions of the studied granodiorite and MMEs (a, b); whole-rock Sr-Nd isotopes for the Bairiqili pluton and MMEs (c)
图 8 白日其利岩体和包体的(Ta/U)PM-(Nb/Th)PM图
原始地幔、大洋玄武岩、下地壳和上地壳值据Sun and McDonough（1989）和Rudnick and Gao（2003）
Fig. 8. Diagram of (Ta/U)PM vs. (Nb/Th)PM for the Bairiqili pluton and MMEs
图 9 白日其利花岗质岩体与包体的全岩地球化学哈克图解
Fig. 9. Harker diagrams of whole-rock geochemistry for Bairiqili granitic pluton and MMEs
图 10 白日其利花岗岩类、暗色微粒包体与闪长岩混合模拟(据Schiano et al., 2010)
Fig. 10. Mixing simulation for granitoids, MMEs and quartz diorite in the Bairiqili pluton (after Schiano et al., 2010)
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