Geochronology and Petrogenesis of Neoarchean Yanzhuang Syenogranites from Sushui Complex in the Zhongtiao Mountains: Implications for the Crustal Evolution of the North China Craton
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摘要: 太古宙末期钾质花岗岩的广泛发育是陆壳成熟和稳定化的重要标志，对了解早期陆壳的形成与演化具有重要的意义.发育于华北克拉通南缘中条山地区涑水杂岩中的烟庄正长花岗岩的形成年龄和成因还没有被很好地限定，构造背景还存在争议.对烟庄花岗岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素以及全岩地球化学和Nd同位素研究.烟庄花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为2 515±7 Ma.岩石具有高硅(SiO2=73.05%~74.85%)、高钾(K2O=4.46%~5.86%)、富碱(ALK=8.32%~9.36%)、贫钙(CaO=0.55%~0.98%)、低TFeO*(0.73%~1.28%)和MgO(0.31%~0.52%)的特征，A/CNK=1.01~1.04，为弱过铝质的钾玄系列.稀土总量变化较大(ΣREE=63.80×10-6~250.02×10-6))，轻重稀土元素分异明显((La/Yb)N=25.44~92.87)，Eu异常变化较大(Eu/Eu*=0.47~0.79).岩石低Sr、Ba，富集Rb、Th、U等元素，亏损Nb、Zr、Y、Yb、Cr、Co、Ni等元素，具有较高的Rb/Sr、Rb/Ba和Sr/Yb比值以及较低Sm/Nd和Nd/Th比值，具有高分异I型花岗岩的特征.烟庄花岗岩具有0附近的全岩εNd(t)值，岩浆锆石具有正的εHf(t)值(2.85~3.66)，两阶段Hf模式年龄为2 258~2 883 Ma，多数在2 600~2 883 Ma之间.结合其他方面研究，烟庄花岗岩具有同碰撞和后碰撞花岗岩的特征，推测为新生地壳在由挤压向伸展转换的构造背景下部分熔融所形成，可能有少量地幔物质添加.这期钾质花岗岩的形成，标志着华北克拉通太古宙末期强烈岩浆活动的结束以及稳定陆壳的形成.Abstract: The formation of the voluminous syenogranites of the late Neoarchean is an important mark of maturation and stabilization of continental crust, and play a vital role in understanding the formation and evolution of early continental crust. However, the formation age and genesis of the Yanzhuang syenogranite in the Sushui Complex in the southern margin of the North China Craton are not well defined, and the tectonic setting remains controversial. This paper presents the zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes as well as whole rock element and Nd isotope compositions of the Yanzhuang syenogranites. SHRIMP dating of zircon from the granite yields an age of 2 515±7 Ma. The rocks are high in SiO2 (73.05%－74.85%) and K2O (4.46%－5.86%) and low in CaO (0.55%－0.98%), total FeO (0.73%－1.28%) and MgO (0.31%－0.52%), with K2O+Na2O and A/CNK at 8.32%－9.36% and 1.01－1.04, respectively. They show variations in REE contents (ΣREE=63.8×10-6－250.02×10-6), with relative enrichment of LREE to HREE ((La/Yb)N=25.44－92.87) and somewhat negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu*=0.47－0.79). The rocks are low in Sr and Ba, and high in Rb, Th and U, with depletion in Nb, Zr, Y, Yb, Cr, Co and Ni. Thus they have high Rb/Sr, Rb/Ba and Sr/Yb ratios and low Sm/Nd and Nd/Th ratios, and show the characteristics of highly fractionated I type granite. The Yanzhuang syenogranite has whole-rock εNd(t) values of -1.09－0.89 and magmatic zircon εHf(t) values of 2.85－3.66, with Hf model TDM2 ages of 2 258－2 883 Ma (mainly 2 600－2 883 Ma). Combined with early work, this study indicates that the Yanzhuang syenogranite shows the feature of syn-collision and post-collision granites formed by partial melting of juvenile crust in a tectonic transition setting from compression to extension, probably with addition of a small amount of mantle material. The formation of voluminous syenogranites in this period marks the termination of the Archean intense magmatism and the stabilization of the North China Craton at the end of the Neoarchean.
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Key words:
- Sushui Complex /
- Yanzhuang syenogranite /
- zircon U-Pb age /
- tectonic setting /
- North China Craton /
- geochemistry
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图 1 华北克拉通构造分区图(a，据Zhao et al., 2005); 中条山地区前寒武纪地质简图(b，据白瑾等，1997；刘树文等, 2007)
Fig. 1. Tectonic framework of the North China Craton (a, after Zhao et al., 2005); Precambrian geological sketch map of Zhongtiao mountains in the North China Craton (b, after Bai et al., 1997; Liu et al., 2007)
图 2 研究区地质简图(据1：5万绛县幅地质图修改)
1.第四系；2.古元古代冷口变质火山岩；3.寨子英云闪长质片麻岩；4.东沟闪长质片麻岩；5.横岭关二长花岗质片麻岩；6.烟庄正长花岗岩；7.地质界线；8.断层；9.采样点
Fig. 2. Geological sketch map of the study area on the north section of the Zhongtiao mountains in the North China Craton (modified afer 1:50 000 geological map of Jiangxian)
图 3 烟庄正长花岗岩的野外特征
a.样品ZT04⁃1野外特征；b.样品ZT121⁃1野外特征；c.样品ZT81⁃1野外特征；d.样品ZT22⁃2野外特征
Fig. 3. Field photographs of the Yanzhuang syenogranite in the Sushui Complex
图 4 烟庄正长花岗岩显微照片(左侧为单偏光，右侧为正交偏光，矿物缩写据沈其韩，2009)
a、b.粗中粒正长花岗岩(ZT121⁃1)，斜长石发育交代净边结构；c、d.中粒正长花岗岩(ZT81⁃1), 斜长石强烈蚀变，黑云母定向排列且多转变为绿泥石；e.黑云母转变为绿泥石和白云母，并见有自形磷灰石(ZT121⁃1)；f.钾长石的卡式双晶(ZT04⁃1)；g、h.中细粒花岗岩特征(ZT22⁃2)
Fig. 4. Microphotographs of the Yanzhuang syenogranite samples in the Sushui Complex (left photographs are plane-polarized light, right photographs are cross-polarized light, mineral abbreviations after Shen, 2009)
图 5 烟庄花岗岩QAP图解(据Maniar and Piccoli, 1989)
IAG.岛弧花岗岩类；CAG.大陆弧花岗岩类；CCG.大陆碰撞花岗岩类；POG.后造山花岗岩类；RRG.与裂谷有关的花岗岩类；CEUG.与大陆造陆抬升有关的花岗岩类. I.石英碱性正长岩；II.石英正长岩；III.石英二长岩；IV.石英二长闪长岩；V.石英闪长岩；VI.英云闪长岩、奥长花岗岩；VII.花岗闪长岩；VIII.二长花岗岩；IX.正长花岗岩；X.碱性花岗岩
Fig. 5. QAP diagram of the Yanzhuang syenogranites in the Sushui Complex (after Maniar and Piccoli, 1989)
图 6 烟庄正长花岗岩锆石U⁃Pb谐和图及阴极发光图像
a.样品ZT04⁃1; b.样品ZT81⁃1; c.样品ZT121⁃1
Fig. 6. Zircon cathodoluminescence images and U⁃Pb concordia diagrams of Yanzhuang syenogranite samples from Sushui Complex
图 7 烟庄正长花岗岩SiO2-K2O(a)和A/CNK-A/NK(b)关系图解
Fig. 7. Geochemical diagrams of SiO2 vs. K2O (a) and A/CNK vs. A/NK (b) for the Yanzhuang syenogranites samples in Sushui Complex
图 8 烟庄正长花岗岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化分布型式图(a)和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(b)(标准化值根据Sun and McDonough, 1989)
Fig. 8. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a) and PM-normalized trace elements spider diagrams (b) of the Yanzhuang syenogranites samples from Sushui Complex (normalization values after Sun and McDonough, 1989)
图 9 烟庄花岗岩ACF(a)和Al2O3-Ga(b, 据Collins et al., 1982)判别图
Fig. 9. ACF (a) and Al2O3 vs. Ga (b, after Collins et al., 1982) diagram of the Yanzhuang granite samples from Sushui Complex
图 10 烟庄花岗岩10 000Ga/Al- Na2O+K2O(a)和10 000Ga/Al-FeOT/MgO(b)判别图(据Whalen et al., 1987)
Fig. 10. 10 000Ga/Al vs. Na2O+K2O (a) and 10 000Ga/Al vs. FeOT/MgO (b) diagram of the Yanzhuang syenogranite samples from Sushui Complex(after Whalen et al., 1987)
图 11 烟庄花岗岩10 000Ga/Al- Zr(a；据吴福元等，2017)和Zr+Nb+Ce+Y-(Na2O+K2O)/CaO(b；据Whalen et al., 1987)
Fig. 11. 10 000Ga/Al vs. Na2O+K2O (a; after Wu et al., 2017) and 10 000Ga/Al vs. FeOT/MgO (b; Whalen et al., 1987) diagram of the Yanzhuang syenogranite samples from Sushui Complex
图 12 烟庄花岗岩锆石εHf(t) - U⁃Pb年龄图解
Fig. 12. εHf(t) and zircon U⁃Pb age diagram of the Yanzhuang syenogranite samples from Sushui Complex
图 13 烟庄花岗岩Zr/Nb-Zr(a)和Ni -Cr(b)关系
Fig. 13. Zr/Nb vs. Zr (a) and Ni vs. Cr (b) diagram of the Yanzhuang syenogranite samples from Sushui Complex
图 14 烟庄花岗岩Rb-(Y+Yb)(a)和Rb-(Yb+Ta)(b)图解(底图据Pearce et al., 1984)
Syn⁃COLG.同碰撞花岗岩; Post⁃COLG.后碰撞花岗岩; VAG.火山弧花岗岩; WPG.板内花岗岩; ORG.洋脊花岗岩
Fig. 14. Rb vs. (Y+Yb) (a) and Rb vs. (Yb+Ta) (b) diagrams of the Yanzhuang syenogranite samples from Sushui Complex (after Pearce et al., 1984)
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