Gas Accumulation Mechanism in East Africa Coastal Key Basins
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摘要: 东非海岸盆地天然气资源丰富，是世界天然气勘探的热点地区.东非海岸重点盆地的天然气为腐泥型高温裂解气，主要来源于下侏罗统局限海相优质烃源岩.大型断裂控制了东非海岸重点盆地天然气的垂向运移，研究区主要发育大型伸展断裂和大型走滑断裂.大型走滑断裂是坦桑尼亚盆地南部天然气藏的主要运移通道，其主要活动时期为晚白垩世-古新世，控制了白垩系-古近系浊积砂岩气藏的油气运移成藏.大型伸展断裂是鲁伍马盆地天然气藏的主要运移通道，其主要活动时期为古新世、渐新世和新近纪，控制了古近系浊积砂岩气藏的油气运移成藏.砂体规模控制了深水区岩性或构造-岩性圈闭的大小，进而控制了天然气藏的规模.受天然气运移方式的控制，东非海岸盆地形成了大型走滑断裂控藏模式和大型伸展断裂控藏模式.Abstract: East Africa coastal basins are prolific in natural gas resources and are the hot spots of natural gas exploration in the world. The natural gas in the key East Africa coastal basins is sapropelic thermal gas, which mainly sourced from Lower Jurassic restricted marine high-quality source rocks. Large faults controlled the vertical migration of natural gas in the key East Africa coastal basins, where mainly developed large extensional faults and large strike-slip faults. The large strike-slip faults were main migration pathway of natural gas in the south of Tanzania Basin. Their main active period was from Late Cretaceous to Paleocene, which controlled the gas migration of the Cretaceous-Paleogene gas-bearing turbidite sandstone, while extensional faults were the main migration pathway of natural gas in Ruvuma Basin. Their main active period was Paleocene, Oligocene and Neogene, which controlled the gas migration of Paleogene gas-bearing turbidite sand stone. The type and size of turbidite sand controlled the size of lithological or structure-lithological trap in deepwater, and which in turn controlled the size of natural gas field. Due to the different migration modes of natural gas, East Africa coastal basins formed large strike-slip fault controlling accumulation model and large extensional fault controlling accumulation model.
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Key words:
- gas source /
- source rock /
- fault type /
- oil and gas migration /
- turbidite sand /
- accumulation model /
- petroleum geology
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图 3 坦桑尼亚盆地南部地质剖面图
Fig. 3. Regional geological cross-section in southern Tanzania Basin
图 4 东非海岸盆地下侏罗统烃源岩地化指标
Fig. 4. Geochemical parameters of Lower Jurassic source rock in Tanzania and Ruvuma basins
图 7 东非海岸盆地烃源岩和油样饱和烃-芳香烃碳同位素交会图
Fig. 7. δ13 saturate vs. δ13 aromtic graph of oil and source rock in East Africa costal basins
图 8 坦桑尼亚盆地天然气藏伴生的凝析油和烃源岩生物标志化合物对比
Fig. 8. Biomarker correlation between condense and source rock samples in Tanzania Basin
图 9 坦桑尼亚盆地M-1井沉积与地化剖面图
Fig. 9. The sedimentary and geochemical profile of M-1 Well in Tanzania Basin
图 11 东非重点盆地区下侏罗统沉积相图
Fig. 11. Early Jurassic depositional facies in East Africa coastal basins
图 12 坦桑尼亚和鲁伍马盆地下侏罗统烃源岩成熟度图
Fig. 12. The maturity of Lower Jurassic source rocks in Tanzania and Ruvuma basins
图 13 坦桑尼亚盆地南部Seagap走滑断裂活动性分析
Fig. 13. Movement analysis of Seagap strike-slip fault in southern Tanzania Basin
图 14 鲁伍马盆地Kerimbas西断裂带活动性分析
Fig. 14. Movement analysis of Kerimbas west fault in southern Ruwuma Basin
图 15 东非海岸物源体系与水道-海底扇体系关系
Fig. 15. Relationship between sediment source and turbidite system in East African coast
图 16 东非鲁伍马和坦桑尼亚盆地古近系沉积相与气田分布
Fig. 16. Paleogene facies and gas fields in Ruvuma and Tanzania basins of East Africa
图 17 坦桑尼亚盆地和鲁伍马盆地成藏模式对比
Fig. 17. Comparison of accumulation models in Tanzania and Ruvuma basins
图 18 坦桑尼亚盆地和鲁伍马盆地成藏事件图
Fig. 18. Diagram of hydrocarbon accumulation in Tanzania and Ruvuma basins
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