Petrogenesis of Triassic Suolagou Sanukitoid-like Diorite in East Kunlun Orogen and Its Implications for Paleo-Tethyan Orogeny
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摘要: 具有特殊成因机制的赞岐岩是探究深部岩浆动力学过程与区域构造演化的重要岩石探针之一.以东昆仑索拉沟地区赞岐质闪长岩为研究对象，开展系统的岩石学、年代学、元素地球化学和Lu-Hf同位素分析，厘定其岩石成因，揭示其对古特提斯造山作用的启示.锆石U-Pb年代学分析表明，索拉沟闪长岩形成于中三叠世（~243 Ma）.岩石具有较低含量的SiO2（50.26%~57.40%），较高的全碱成分（Na2O+K2O=3.5%~6.3%）、MgO（6.0%~7.1%）和Mg#值（50.1~60.9），属于高镁钙碱性准铝质岩石.索拉沟闪长岩具有较高的Sr（622×10-6~1 041×10-6）、Cr（30×10-6~161×10-6）和Ni（19×10-6~79×10-6）以及中等的Y（7.6×10-6~24.3×10-6）和Yb（0.62~1.87）含量，与典型的高镁安山质赞歧岩成分类似.岩石富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素（如Rb、K和Pb），亏损高场强元素（如Ta、Nb和Zr），具有弧岩浆岩的化学属性.Lu-Hf同位素研究揭示，索拉沟闪长岩起源于富集岩石圈地幔（εHf（t）=-2.4~-0.4，TDM=0.89~0.99 Ga）.岩石成因分析表明，东昆仑索拉沟中三叠世赞岐质高镁闪长岩形成于陆缘弧背景，岩浆起源于富集岩石圈地幔，且岩浆经历了以角闪石和黑云母为主的分离结晶作用.中三叠世是东昆仑造山带古特提斯洋壳俯冲和地体碰撞的构造转换阶段，索拉沟赞岐质高镁闪长岩可能是俯冲作用结束时板片断离的岩浆响应.Abstract: Sanukitoid with special genetic mechanism is one important petrological probe to study the magma dynamic processes and associated tectonic process. In this study, it presents petrology, geochronology, elemental geochemistry and Lu-Hf isotopic data on the Suolagou sanukitoid-like diorite in East Kunlun, aiming to characterize its petrogenesis and to reveal its implications on the Paleo-Tethyan orogeny. Zircon U-Pb dating shows that the Suolagou diorite was formed in the Middle Triassic (~243 Ma). Geochemically, they have low contents of SiO2(50.26%-57.40%), but high contents of total alkaline (Na2O+K2O=3.5%-6.3%), MgO (6.0%-7.1%) and high Mg# (50.1-60.9), belonging to high magnesium, calc-alkaline and metaluminous series. The Suolagou diorites show geochemical similarities to high Mg# andesitic sanukitoids with high contents of Sr (622×10-6-1 041×10-6), Cr (30×10-6-161×10-6) and Ni (19×10-6-79×10-6), and moderate contents of Y(7.6×10-6-24.3×10-6) and Yb(0.62×10-6-1.87×10-6). These rocks display remarkable enrichment in light rare earth elements and large-ion lithophile elements (such as Cs, Rb, K and Pb) but depletion in high-field strength elements (such as Ta, Nb and Zr), resembling the arc-related magmatic rocks above subduction zone. Lu-Hf isotopes show that the Suolagou diorites were derived from partial melting of enriched lithospheric mantle (εHf(t)=-2.4 to -0.4, TDM=0.89-0.99 Ga). The~243 Ma sanukitoid-like diorite in East Kunlun were formed in a continental arc setting, i.e., the parent magma derived from partial melting of enriched lithospheric mantle, subsequently followed by fractional crystallization of amphibole and biotite. This study suggests that the transition from Paleo-Tethyan oceanic slab subduction to terranes collision in East Kunlun occurred at Middle Triassic, and the Suolagou sanukitoid-like high-Mg diorites could be the magmatic response to the slab break-off at the end of subduction.
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Key words:
- East Kunlun /
- Triassic /
- high-Mg diorite /
- sanukitoid /
- Paleo-Tethyan /
- geochemistry /
- geochronology
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图 1 东昆仑及其邻区的构造单元划分简图（a）、东昆仑东段花岗岩基分布（b）和索拉沟岩体地质简图（c）
图a据Roger et al.（2003）；图b据Xiong et al.（2014）
Fig. 1. Tectonic outline of the East Kunlun Orogen and its adjacent area (a), the distribution of the granitic batholith in the eastern part of East Kunlun (b) and simplified geological map of the Suolagou pluton (c)
图 2 东昆仑索拉沟闪长岩体的野外地质和显微镜下特征
Amp.角闪岩; Pl.斜长岩；Qz.石英；Bi.黑云母
Fig. 2. Field and microscope features of the Suolagou diorite pluton in the East Kunlun
图 3 东昆仑索拉沟闪长岩的代表性锆石阴极发光图像和U-Pb年龄谐和图
Fig. 3. CL images of representative zircon grains and U-Pb concordia diagrams for zircons from the Suolagou diorite in the East Kunlun
图 4 索拉沟闪长岩的TAS分类命名图（a），A/NK-A/CNK图（b），SiO2-K2O判别图（c）和SiO2-MgO成分关系图（d）
a. 据Middlemost（1994）；b.据Chappell and White(1974); c. 据Peccerillo and Taylor（1976）；d. 日本Setouchi地区赞岐岩的成分资料据Tatsumi et al.（2003）和Tatsumi（2006）
Fig. 4. TAS classification and nomenclature diagram (a), A/NK vs. A/CNK diagram (b), SiO2 vs. K2O diagram (c) and SiO2-MgO diagram (d) for the Suolagou diorite
图 5 东昆仑索拉沟闪长岩的全岩地球化学成分哈克图解
Fig. 5. Harker diagrams for the whole-rock geochemical composition of the Suolagou diorite in the East Kunlun
图 6 索拉沟闪长岩的球粒陨石标准化稀土元素图（a）和原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图（b）
标准化值分别据Taylor and McLennan（1985）和Sun and McDonough（1989）
Fig. 6. Chondrite-normalized REE pattern (a) and primitive mantle-normalized trace element spider diagram (b) of the Suolagou diorite
图 7 东昆仑索拉沟闪长岩与典型赞岐岩的成因分类判别图解
a.据Defant and Drummond（1990）；b.据Kamei et al.（2004）；c. 据Laurent et al.（2014）；d. 据Martin et al.（2010）
Fig. 7. Comparative diagrams for the Suolagou diorite and typical sanukitoid
图 8 东昆仑索拉沟闪长岩与中三叠世埃达克岩的成分对比图及地幔源区判别图
开木棋、沟里和香日德埃达克岩资料据Chen et al.(2015, 2017)和Xiong et al.（2014）
Fig. 8. Comparative diagrams for the Suolagou diorites and Middle Triassic adakites in the East Kunlun and discrimination diagram of mantle source for the Soulagou diorites
图 9 东昆仑索拉沟闪长岩的Ba/Yb-Ta/Yb（a）、(Hf/Sm)N-(Ta/La)N（b）和Th/Yb-Ba/La（c）成分关系图解
洋中脊玄武岩、洋岛玄武岩和地幔值据Sun and McDonough（1989）
Fig. 9. Ba/Yb-Ta/Yb (a), (Hf/Sm)N-(Ta/La)N (b) and Th/Yb-Ba/La (c) diagrams for the Suolagou diorite in the East Kunlun
图 10 东昆仑索拉沟闪长岩与同期埃达克岩的岩浆演化过程分析
Pl.斜长石；Kfs.钾长石；Bi.黑云母；Hb.普通角闪石；Alan.褐帘石；Ap.磷灰石；Zr.锆石
Fig. 10. Discrimination diagrams of magmatic evolution process for the Suolagou diorite and coeval adakite in East Kunlun
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