Marine Electrical Resistivity Tomography Research in Pearl River Estuary of Greater Bay Area
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摘要: 海域环境对高密度电阻率法在仪器设备、测量技术和反演解译等方面提出了更高要求，开展海上高密度电法的数值模拟和实测研究将进一步丰富近岸海域地质、资源和环境等问题的勘查手段.基于数值模拟和野外实测，深入研究了偶极-偶极、温纳、斯贝等不同装置对近岸海域典型地电模型的分辨能力和空间定位效果，并详细分析了海水导电性的影响，最后在珠江口伶仃洋海域开展了国内首次2条长剖面的实际测量.结果表明海水电导率对不同测量装置在探测深度和精度方面存在差异化影响，井中电缆利用浮力材料固定后，进行水面拖缆式偶极-偶极测量能大幅降低海底沉缆式测量的施工风险，实现复杂海域环境下高密度电法探测效果、深度与效率的优化折中.Abstract: Applying the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) technique in the marine environment claims higher levels in the aspects of instrument, measurement techniques, inversion and interpretation methods and so on. The exploration approaches on issues of geology, natural resources and environment will be further enriched by numerical simulations and actual measurement research of the marine ERT in the coastal area. Based on numerical simulations and field measurements, in this paper it focuses on the research of the resolution and spatial location of the typical geo-electrical models in the offshore area with different arrays such as dipole-dipole, Wenner and Schlumberger. It also studied the effects of seawater conductivity and first conducted two long profile measurements at the site of Pearl River Estuary in the Lingdingyang area. It shows that the detection depth and resolution with different configurations would be differentially influenced by the conductivity of the seawater. And the construction risk of applying the boat-towed electrode arrays floating on the water and pulled behind a boat with borehole electrode cables and buoyant materials is much lower than a pulled-array on the seafloor. This will achieve a balance among the effect, depth and the efficiency for the ERT in the complex marine environment and finally promote the development and maturity of ERT technology.
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图 1 高密度电阻率法工作示意图(据Loke et al., 2013)
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of a multi-electrode system, and a possible sequence of measurements to create a 2-D pseudosection(after Loke et al., 2013)
图 2 高密度电法常用的电极排列
a.温纳α装置；b.温纳β装置；c.温纳γ装置；d.偶极-偶极装置；e.三极装置；f.温纳-斯伦贝谢装置
Fig. 2. Some commonly used electrode arrays
图 6 基岩界面模型不同装置反演结果
a.偶极-偶极装置；b.温纳装置；c.施伦贝谢装置；d.倒转施伦贝谢装置
Fig. 6. The inversion result of bedrock interface model using different electrode arrays
图 8 不同导电性上覆水层层状模型的反演结果
a.咸水；b.咸淡混合水c.淡水
Fig. 8. The inversion result of layered earth model with different resistive water layers
图 10 井中电缆水面拖缆式测量示意图
Fig. 10. Measurement schematic diagram of borehole cable towed above water
图 11 L1和L2测线反演解译图
a.为L1-1测线靠岸部分的视电阻率剖面及反演解译图; b.为L1-2测线远离岸边部分的视电阻率剖面及反演解译图; c.为L2测线的视电阻率剖面及反演解译图
Fig. 11. The inversion result of profiles of L1 and L2
表 1 基岩界面模型参数
Table 1. The parameters of bedrock interface model
介质层 厚度(m) 电阻率值(Ω.m) 上覆水层 5(0~5) 20 淤泥层 10(5~15) 10 砂层 54(15~69) 20 风化基岩层 41(28~69) 100 
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表 2 层状地层模型参数
Table 2. The parameters of layered earth model
介质层 厚度(m) 电阻率值(Ω.m) 上覆水层 5(0~5) 0.3/20/50 淤泥层 9(5~14) 1 低阻砂层 12(14~26) 20 高阻砂层 17(26~43) 50 风化基岩层 14(43~57) 100
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