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    桂西二叠纪喀斯特型铝土矿地质成矿过程

    程顺波 刘阿睢 崔森 李荣志 韦义师

    程顺波, 刘阿睢, 崔森, 李荣志, 韦义师, 2021. 桂西二叠纪喀斯特型铝土矿地质成矿过程. 地球科学, 46(8): 2697-2710. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2020.295
    引用本文: 程顺波, 刘阿睢, 崔森, 李荣志, 韦义师, 2021. 桂西二叠纪喀斯特型铝土矿地质成矿过程. 地球科学, 46(8): 2697-2710. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2020.295
    Cheng Shunbo, Liu Asui, Cui Sen, Li Rongzhi, Wei Yishi, 2021. Mineralization Process of Permian Karst Bauxite in Western Guangxi. Earth Science, 46(8): 2697-2710. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2020.295
    Citation: Cheng Shunbo, Liu Asui, Cui Sen, Li Rongzhi, Wei Yishi, 2021. Mineralization Process of Permian Karst Bauxite in Western Guangxi. Earth Science, 46(8): 2697-2710. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2020.295

    桂西二叠纪喀斯特型铝土矿地质成矿过程

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2020.295
    基金项目: 

    中国地质调查局项目 DD20160034

    中国地质调查局项目 DD20190826

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      程顺波(1983-), 男, 高级工程师, 硕士, 从事华南地质过程与成矿作用研究.ORCID: 0000-0002-1854-5952.E-mail: chsb2007@qq.com

      通讯作者:

      崔森, E-mail: 30831317@qq.com

    • 中图分类号: P618.4

    Mineralization Process of Permian Karst Bauxite in Western Guangxi

    • 摘要: 桂西二叠纪喀斯特型铝土矿是第四纪萨伦托型铝土矿的矿源层,但是其具体成矿地质过程并不清楚.在矿带东部平果矿田1∶5万区域地质调查基础上,针对性地对二叠纪铝土矿床进行了合山组含铝岩系基本层序、铝土矿成矿物质来源、古喀斯特地貌对铝土矿的控制作用及含铝矿物生成顺序的研究,并阐述了该类型铝土矿从源岩风化到搬运沉积的具体成矿过程.综合前人研究成果,提出桂西二叠纪喀斯特型铝土矿的四阶段成矿模式,分别为孤立台地隆升接受火山喷发沉积物阶段、原地深度风化阶段、积水潜育化阶段和埋藏成矿阶段.

       

    • 图  1  桂西铝土矿矿带地质矿产简图(据Deng et al., 2010

      1.地质界线;2.辉绿岩;3.花岗岩;4.大中型铝土矿;5.小型铝土矿;6.研究区. 寒武系;D-C.泥盆系-石炭系;P.二叠系;T.三叠系

      Fig.  1.  Simpilified geological and mineralization map of metallogenic bauxite belt in western Guangxi(after Deng et al., 2010)

      图  3  平果地区合山组含铝岩系野外露头、岩石和镜下照片

      a. 含铝岩系野外露头(太平矿床TC02),A. 块状铁铝质岩,B. 层状铝质岩,C. 碳质泥岩;b. 铝质岩镜下结构(布绒矿床TC08);c. 铁铝质岩中黄铁矿囊(布绒矿床TC12);d. 铝质岩中正粒序层理(太平矿床TC02),A. 砂屑层,B. 胶体层;e. 碳质泥岩中植物根茎化石(布绒矿床TC11);f. 碳质泥岩层中碳质泥岩(A)、铁铝质粘土岩(B)韵律(太平矿床TC01)

      Fig.  3.  Photos of field outcrops, rocks and microscope textures of aluminiferous series in Heshan Formation, Pingguo area

      图  4  平果地区合山组含铝岩系及盖层层序结构

      1.块状生屑灰岩;2.中-薄层生屑灰岩;3.中-薄层含燧石生屑灰岩;4.中-薄层泥灰岩;5.薄层硅质岩;6.中-薄层沉凝灰岩;7.块状铁铝质岩;8.块状(铁)铝质粘土岩;9.层状铁铝质岩;10.层状铝质岩;11.层状铝质粘土岩;12.碳质泥岩夹煤线;13.平行不整合界线;14.植物根茎化石;15.黄铁矿/豆(鲕)粒

      Fig.  4.  Sequence of aluminiferous series and caprock in Heshan Formation, Pingguo area

      图  5  平果地区合山组含铝岩系中长石晶屑残影和石英晶屑显微照片

      a. 都结矿化点TC06-2b3样品中长石晶屑残影(反射光);b. 都结矿化点TC06-2b1样品中长石晶屑残影(反射光);c. 都结矿化点TC06-2b1样品中石英晶屑(正交偏光);d. 布绒矿床TC13-b4样品中石英晶屑(正交偏光). Fs.长石;Qtz.石英

      Fig.  5.  Images of feldspar residuals and quartz phenocrysts from aluminiferous rock series of Heshan Formation, Pingguo area

      图  6  平果地区合山组含铝岩系碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄谐和图及代表性锆石阴极发光照片(束斑大小为30 μm)

      Fig.  6.  LA-ICP-MS U-Pb concordia age plots and cathodoluminescence images of typical detrital zircons of aluminiferous series from Pinguo area (beam diameter is 30 μm)

      图  2  平果地区铝土矿示意图(a)和太平、布绒及都结矿(化)体地质矿产图(b)

      1.地质界线;2.断裂及编号;3.铝土矿(化)体及编号;4.探槽位置及编号;5.铝土矿(化)体Al2O3含量(%)、Al/Si重量比及厚度(m);6.铁矿化体Fe2O3含量(%)及厚度(m);7.地层产状(o). C2P1m.马平组;P2m.茅口组;P2q.栖霞组;P3hfb.合山组铝土矿层;T1m.马脚岭组. Prls.二叠纪礁灰岩;Qhg.桂平组;P3h上、下不整合关系在图中未标出

      Fig.  2.  Schematic map of bauxite in Pingguo area (a) and geological and mineral deposits or occurences in Taiping, Burong and Dujie (b)

      图  7  平果地区茅口组(P2m)顶部古喀斯特地貌单元及上覆地层单元

      a.石芽坡地及上覆铁铝质岩(太平矿床TC01);b. 石芽坡地及上覆铁铝质岩(太平矿床TC02);c.峰体及上覆P3h燧石条带灰岩,缺失含铝岩系(都结矿化带D3920);d.岩溶漏斗边部及上覆T1m泥质条带灰岩,缺失P3h全部(都结矿化带TC15);e.岩溶坡地铝土矿,缺失P3h燧石条带灰岩(都结矿化带D4335);f.岩溶洼地中硅质岩(都结矿化带D4335西)

      Fig.  7.  Paleokarst geomorphic unit and overlying stratigraphic unit at the top of Maokou Formation (P2m) in Pingguo area

      图  8  平果地区二叠纪喀斯特型铝土矿中主要含铝矿物背散射照片

      a. 铝质岩中早世代硬水铝石(Dsp1)交代早世代高岭石(Kln1);b. 铝质岩条带中早世代绿泥石(Chl1)与中世代硬水铝石(Dsp2)共生;c铝质岩孔隙中晚世代硬水铝石(Dsp3)和晚世代高岭石(Kln2)共生,Py.黄铁矿;d. 铁铝质岩中晚世代绿泥石(Chl2)交代晚世代高岭石(Kln2). 样品均来自太平矿床TC02

      Fig.  8.  Backscatter images of main Al-bearing minerals in Permian karst type bauxite in Pingguo area

      图  9  桂西二叠纪喀斯特型铝土矿成矿模式

      1. 台地内部-上斜坡碳酸盐岩;2. 下斜坡-台沟相碳酸盐岩;3. 硅质岩;4. 凝灰质泥岩;5. 泥岩;6. 沉凝灰岩;7. 碳质泥岩;8. 岩溶坡地+洼地;9. 石芽坡地;10. 铝土矿化体;11. 铝土矿体;12. 风化脱硅作用;13. 断层

      Fig.  9.  Metallogenic model of Permian karst type bauxite in western Guangxi

      表  1  平果地区合山组含铝岩系碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄

      Table  1.   LA-ICP-MS U-Pb concordia ages of detrital zircon from the aluminiferous series of Heshan Formation, Pingguo area

      序号 样品号 采样位置 岩性 锆石数量 谐和年龄(Ma)
      1 TC02-NL1 太平矿床 铁铝质岩 21 259.1±1.0
      2 TC07-NL1 布绒矿床 铝质岩 21 260.2±0.6
      3 TC06-NL1 都结矿点 粘土铝质岩 21 259.9±0.6
      4 D5840-NL1 果化矿床 铁铝质岩 25 259.3±0.6
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  2  平果地区二叠纪喀斯特型铝土矿体局部矿化特征

      Table  2.   Local mineralization characteristics of Permian karst bauxite ore body in Pingguo area

      序号 矿床(化层) 控制工程或点位 古喀斯特地貌单元 含铝岩系岩性(碳质泥岩除外) 含铝岩系厚度(m)(碳质泥岩除外) 矿(化)体厚度(m)(Al2O3含量(%)及Al/Si重量比) 矿物组合
      1 太平矿床 TC03 石芽坡地上部 赤铁矿帽 2.0 0(0/0) 未检测
      2 太平矿床 TC01 石芽坡地下部 铝质岩 5.6 3.5(52.56/4.1) 未检测
      3 太平矿床 TC02 石芽坡地下部 铝质岩、铁铝质岩 5.1 3.9(55.79/5.1) 主要Dsp、Kln、Chl,少量Ant、Gt、Py
      4 太平矿床 TC09 石芽缓坡 赤铁矿帽、铝质岩 2.9 1.0(64.23/5.1) 未检测
      5 布绒矿床 TC13 岩溶坡地 铁铝质岩、铁质粘土岩 8.7 5.0(43.59/2.0) 主要Kln,次要Dsp、Chl,少量Bhm、Ant、Gt
      6 布绒矿床 TC04 石芽坡地底部 铁铝质岩、铝质岩 10.9 7.5(48.07/3.9) 主要Dsp、Ill,次要Kln、Chl,少量Ant、Gt、Py
      7 布绒矿床 TC05 石芽坡地底部 铁铝质岩、铝质岩 8.8 7.1(56.37/6.6) 未检测
      8 布绒矿床 TC08 石芽缓坡 铁铝质岩、铝质岩 1.1 1.1(69.52/12.7) 主要Dsp,次要Kln、Ill、Chl,少量Ant、Gt
      9 布绒矿床 TC12 石芽缓坡下部 铝质岩、铁铝质岩 1.5 1.5(52.61/2.4) 主要Dsp、Kln,次要Bhm,少量Chl、Ant、Gt、Qtz、Py
      10 布绒矿床 TC07 石芽缓坡上部 铝质岩 2.1 2.3(67.32/10.2) 未检测
      11 布绒矿床 TC11 石芽缓坡底部 铝质岩 4.4 4.0(69.63/25.5) 主要Dsp,次要Kln、Ill,少量Chl、Ant、Gt
      12 都结矿化带 TC15 岩溶漏斗 粘土岩 4.4 4.4(36.37/0.8) 主要Kln,次要Chl,少量Dsp、Ant、Gt
      13 都结矿化带 TC06 岩溶坡地 铁铝质粘土岩、铝质粘土岩 25.1 15.1(46.31/1.9) 主要Kln,次要Dsp、Bhm,少量Chl、Ant、Gt、Qtz、Py
      14 都结矿化带 D3920 岩溶洼地 硅质岩、粘土岩 3.0 0.9(未检测) 主要Kln,少量Chl、Dsp、Ant、Gt
      注:矿物组合根据XRD和EPMA两种方法测定. Dsp.硬水铝石;Bhm.软水铝石;Chl.绿泥石;Kln.高岭石;Ill.伊利石;Ant.锐钛矿;Gt.针铁矿;Qtz.石英;Py.黄铁矿.
      下载: 导出CSV
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