The Climatic Significance of the Color of the Paleo-Neogene Fluvial and Lacustrine Sediments in the Northern Qaidam Basin
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摘要: 柴达木盆地厚达万米的新生代沉积物记录了青藏高原东北部隆升和古气候变化信息.本文基于盆地北缘大红沟剖面高分辨率的磁极性年代标尺，对该剖面古—新近纪河湖相沉积物进行了颜色测量，首次获得了柴达木盆地长时间尺度（52~7 Ma）的色度参数变化序列.在此基础上，综合沉积相与区域构造和古气候记录，探讨了影响河湖相沉积物颜色参数的因素及柴达木盆地古—新近纪的气候演变.结果表明，大红沟剖面沉积物颜色的变化与全球温度变化趋势基本一致，说明温度是影响颜色参数，特别是红度（a*）的主要因素；沉积相变化，尤其是水面上、下的氧化—还原环境变化对颜色参数也有重要影响.根据色度参数在时间标尺上的变化，将柴达木盆地的气候变化划分为8个阶段：（a）52.0~44.2 Ma湿热，（b）44.2~33.7 Ma在干湿波动中逐渐变干，（c）33.7~27.1 Ma进一步变干，（d）27.1~19.7 Ma逐渐变湿，（e）19.7~17.0 Ma较干旱，（f）17.0~13.3 Ma气候湿润，（g）13.3~9.5 Ma快速变干，（h）9.5~7.0 Ma进一步变干旱.影响柴达木盆地古—新近纪气候变化的主要因素包括全球温度、副特提斯海、青藏高原构造隆升和东亚夏季风.Abstract: Cenozoic sediments up to 10 000 meters thick in the Qaidam basin recorded the Tibetan plateau uplift and paleoclimate changes. Based on the high-resolution magnetic polarity dating scale of the Dahonggou section in the northern margin of the basin,the color measurement of the Paleo-Neogene fluvial and lacustrine sediments in this section is performed. Furthermore,integrating the sedimentary facies,regional tectonic and paleoclimate records,this paper discusses the factors affecting the color parameters of river-lacustrine sediments and the climate evolution of the Qaidam basin during the Paleo-Neogene period. The research results show that the change of sediment color in Dahonggou section is basically consistent with the global temperature trend,indicating that temperature is the main factor affecting color parameters,especially the redness (a*) value,but the sedimentary facies changes,especially changes in the oxidation-reduction environment above and below the water,also have an important influence on the color parameters. According to the changes of color parameters on the time scale,the climate change in the Qaidam basin has been divided into 8 stages: (a) hot and humid during 52.0-44.2 Ma,(b) gradually becomes dry in the fluctuation of dryness and wetness during 44.2-33.7 Ma,(c) further dries during 33.7-27.1 Ma,(d) gradually becomes wet during 27.1-19.7 Ma,(e) relatively dry during 19.7-17.0 Ma,(f) warm and humid during 17.0-13.3 Ma,(g) rapidly dries during 13.3-9.5 Ma,(h) becomes further arid during 9.5-7.0 Ma. The main factors affecting the Paleo-Neogene climate change in the Qaidam basin include global temperature,the Para-Tethys Sea,the uplift of the Tibetan plateau and the East Asian summer monsoon.
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Key words:
- Tibetan plateau /
- Qaidam basin /
- Paleo-Neogene /
- color /
- paleoclimate /
- stratigraphy
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图 1 柴达木盆地及邻区构造示意图（a）和大红沟剖面区域地质图（b）
Fig. 1. Structural map of Qaidam basin and adjacent regions (a); geological map of the Dahonggou anticline (b)
图 2 柴达木盆地大红沟剖面遥感图、岩性柱状图与色度参数
白色线为大红沟剖面；圆点为粒度分析样品：空心圆点为低a*值的灰绿色砂岩样品，实心圆点为高a*值的红色泥岩样品
Fig. 2. Satellite image showing the Dahonggou section with lithostratigraphic formations, ages inferred from our magnetostratigraphic results, lithology and color parameters
图 4 上、下干柴沟组不同岩性和颜色样品的粒度频率分布曲线
样品选取位置见图 2
Fig. 4. Grain size frequency distribution curves of samples with different lithology and color from the Shangganchaigou Formation and Xiaganchaigou Formation
图 5 柴达木盆地大红沟剖面色度参数与其他气候指标综合对比
灰色箭头指示色度参数变化趋势
Fig. 5. Comparison of color parameters of the Dahonggou section with regional and global climatic records
表 1 柴达木盆地北缘大红沟剖面色度参数阶段划分
Table 1. Stages of color parameters in Dahonggou section
阶段 深度(m) 年龄(Ma) 平均值 L* a* b* (h) 4 100~4 601 9.5~7.0 60.02 7.36 20.66 (g) 3 505~4 100 13.3~9.5 59.34 7.10 20.31 (f) 3 086~3 505 17.0~13.3 58.18 8.87 20.65 (e) 2 661~3 086 19.7~17.0 55.34 10.37 20.42 (d) 1 577~2 661 27.1~19.7 56.20 5.56 17.70 (c) 1 145~1 577 33.7~27.1 55.71 5.00 16.37 (b) 460~1 145 44.2~33.7 54.43 6.34 14.07 (a) 0~460 52.0~44.2 49.11 15.49 18.34 
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