Identification Method and Geological Significance of Intraplate Ocean Island-Seamount Fragments in Orogenic Belt
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摘要: 板内洋岛-海山残片是造山带“洋壳残片”的重要组成部分，对恢复造山带所代表的古洋盆的构造演化具有重要意义.然而，如何在造山带中识别板内洋岛-海山残片并通过其恢复古洋盆的构造演化等问题并不清楚.在综述现今板内洋岛-海山的岩石层序、岩浆岩类型、地球化学和同位素特征等的基础上，结合对青藏高原班公湖-怒江缝合带数个板内洋岛-海山残片研究的成果，初步总结了造山带板内洋岛-海山残片的识别标志及其地质意义、时代的确定方法等基础地质问题.板内洋岛-海山记录了丰富的洋盆演化信息，且是大洋俯冲消亡时最易保存的地质体.因此，在古洋盆构造演化的恢复中，对造山带板内洋岛-海山残片的研究至关重要.Abstract: Fragments of intraplate ocean island-seamount are important parts of "oceanic crust fragments" in the orogenic belt, and these fragments place important constraints on restoring the tectonic evolution of the ancient ocean basin represented by the orogenic belt. However, the identification method and geological significance of the intraplate ocean island-seamount fragments in the orogenic belt are poorly known. Based on the review of the lithological sequence, magmatic rock types, geochemistry, and isotopic characteristics of the intraplate ocean island-seamounts in the modern ocean basin and our research results on several intraplate ocean island-seamount fragments in the Bangongco-Nujiang suture zone in the Tibetan Plateau, in this study it summarizes the identification method, age determination method, and geological significance of the intraplate ocean island-seamount fragments in the orogenic belt. Intraplate ocean island-seamounts record extensive information about the tectonic evolution of the ocean basin, and these are the easiest oceanic geological bodies to preserve during the subduction of the oceanic lithosphere. Therefore, studies on the intraplate ocean island-seamount fragments in the orogenic belt are very important in restoring the tectonic evolution of the ancient ocean basin.
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图 1 现今板内洋岛-海山的遥感影像图（底图来自Google Earth）
Fig. 1. Remote sensing images of the modern intraplate ocean island-seamounts(modified from Google Earth)
图 2 夏威夷型（a）和佛得角型（b）板内洋岛-海山岩石层序模型（据Fan et al., 2021修改）
Fig. 2. Schematic illustrations of intraplate ocean island-seamount lithostratigraphic sequence for Hawaii-type (a) and Cape Verde-type (b)(modified from Fan et al., 2021)
图 3 太平洋和大西洋典型板内洋岛-海山的岩浆岩TAS图解
图a~d引自Haase et al.（2019）；图e~h引自Jeffery and Gertisser（2018）
Fig. 3. TAS diagrams of magmatic rocks of intraplate ocean island-seamounts in the Pacific and Atlantic
图 4 典型板内洋岛-海山的全岩Sr-Nd-Hf同位素特征
图a数据引自Widom et al. (1997)、Elliott et al. (2007)、Tanaka et al. (2008)、Garapić et al. (2015)和Mata et al. (2017). 图b数据引自Elliott et al. (2007)、Pfänder et al. (2007)、Tanaka et al. (2008)、Barker et al. (2009)、Martins et al. (2010)和Mata et al. (2017)
Fig. 4. Whole rock Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic characteristics of intraplate ocean island-seamounts
图 5 大洋岩石圈“盖层效应”示意图（据Humphreys and Niu, 2009修改）
Fig. 5. Schematic diagram showing the "Lid Effect" of oceanic lithosphere(modified from Humphreys and Niu, 2009)
图 6 青藏高原班公湖-怒江缝合带板内洋岛-海山残片岩石野外照片
a. 那热洋岛礁灰岩；b. 仲岗洋岛塌积砾岩的礁灰岩砾石；c. 那热洋岛粗面岩；d. 那热洋岛响岩；e. 日土洋岛粗面岩；f. 仲岗洋岛粗安岩
Fig. 6. Field photos of rocks from intraplate ocean island fragments in the Bangongco-Nujiang suture zone, Tibetan Plateau
图 7 大西洋Tristan da Cunha和Gough洋岛岛链
据Hoernle et al.（2015）和Jeffery and Gertisser（2018）修改；底图来自Google Earth
Fig. 7. Remote sensing image showing the Tristan da Cunha and Gough ocean island chain
图 8 现今绝对板块运移速度图
底图引自UNAVCO: http://jules.unavco.org/Voyager/GEM_GSRM；图中箭头代表绝对板块运移速度，红色线代表洋中脊，蓝色线代表俯冲带
Fig. 8. Diagram showing the absolute plate motion of the plate
图 9 青藏高原仲岗洋岛残片地质和遥感影像图
据Fan et al.（2021）修改. a.青藏高原洞错地区地质简图；b.仲岗洋岛残片遥感影像图（底图来自Google Earth）；c.仲岗洋岛残片中岩浆岩基底和灰岩盖层组成的双层结构；d.盖层中玄武岩与灰岩的互层.Cz. 新生代; K1q. 下白垩统去申拉组; J3K1s. 上侏罗统-下白垩统沙木罗组; J1-2. 下-中侏罗统海相地层; JM. 木嘎岗日岩群复理石沉积; DO. 洞错蛇绿岩; DG. 洞错花岗岩; OI. 中三叠世-晚侏罗世板内洋岛-海山残片; ZOI. 仲岗洋岛残片; JSS.金沙江缝合带；LSLS.龙木错-双湖-澜沧江缝合带；BNS.班公湖-怒江缝合带；YZS.雅鲁藏布江缝合带
Fig. 9. Geological map and remote sensing image of the Zhonggang ocean island fragments in the Tibetan Plateau
图 10 仲岗洋岛残片野外照片
据Fan et al.（2021）修改. a. 玄武岩与灰岩互层；b. 玄武岩-凝灰岩-灰岩层序；c. 灰岩与凝灰岩互层；d. 玄武岩-粗安岩-灰岩层序；e. 灰岩-粗安岩层序；f. 硅质岩；g. 塌积砾岩；h、i.仲岗洋岛残片与复理石组成的“岩块-基质”的混杂堆积
Fig. 10. Field photos of the Zhonggang ocean island fragments
图 11 仲岗洋岛残片岩石显微照片（正交偏光）
据Fan et al.（2021）修改. a.玄武岩；b.粗安岩；c.灰岩；d.凝灰岩-灰岩互层；e.硅质岩；f.塌积砾岩.Pl. 斜长石；Cal. 方解石；B. 玄武岩；Ls. 灰岩
Fig. 11. Photomicrographs of the Zhonggang ocean island fragments in cross-polarized light
图 12 仲岗洋岛残片玄武岩和粗安岩的稀土、微量元素特征
据Fan et al.（2021）修改. OIB. 洋岛玄武岩；BCC. 全陆壳平均曲线
Fig. 12. Chondrite-normalized REE diagrams and primitive mantle-normalized trace element diagrams for the basalt and trachy andesite
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