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    洞庭盆地资水三角洲地区第四纪沉积环境判别及其特征

    孙立群 张鑫 梁杏 常致凯 付鹏宇 张洁

    孙立群, 张鑫, 梁杏, 常致凯, 付鹏宇, 张洁, 2021. 洞庭盆地资水三角洲地区第四纪沉积环境判别及其特征. 地球科学, 46(9): 3245-3257. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2020.357
    引用本文: 孙立群, 张鑫, 梁杏, 常致凯, 付鹏宇, 张洁, 2021. 洞庭盆地资水三角洲地区第四纪沉积环境判别及其特征. 地球科学, 46(9): 3245-3257. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2020.357
    Sun Liqun, Zhang Xin, Liang Xing, Chang Zhikai, Fu Pengyu, Zhang jie, 2021. Identification and Characteristics of the Sedimentary Environment since the Quaternary in Zi River Delta, Dongting Basin. Earth Science, 46(9): 3245-3257. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2020.357
    Citation: Sun Liqun, Zhang Xin, Liang Xing, Chang Zhikai, Fu Pengyu, Zhang jie, 2021. Identification and Characteristics of the Sedimentary Environment since the Quaternary in Zi River Delta, Dongting Basin. Earth Science, 46(9): 3245-3257. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2020.357

    洞庭盆地资水三角洲地区第四纪沉积环境判别及其特征

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2020.357
    基金项目: 

    国家自然科学基金项目 41772268

    中国地质调查局项目 12120114069301

    中国地质调查局项目 DD20190263

    中国地质调查局项目 2019040022

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      孙立群(1992-), 男, 博士研究生, 主要从事水文地质与环境地质研究.ORCID: 0000-0001-5283-3571.E-mail: slq@cug.edu.cn

      通讯作者:

      梁杏, ORCID: 0000-0001-9838-5161.E-mail: xliang@cug.edu.cn

    • 中图分类号: P535

    Identification and Characteristics of the Sedimentary Environment since the Quaternary in Zi River Delta, Dongting Basin

    • 摘要: 沉积相及特征研究有助于更全面地认识河湖环境演化规律,但在洞庭盆地资水三角洲地区还未有相关表述.本研究基于第四纪典型钻孔(BMS01和BMS02)沉积样品,开展了丰富的岩石学、年代学与沉积学研究,运用粒度频率分布曲线对研究区第四纪堆积物沉积相进行分析,用粒度参数计算结果和Fisher判别模型进行了判别.结果表明Fisher模型判别公式适用于平原区河流相、湖相及非稳定相沉积环境的判别.在资水三角洲区域内的应用,判别函数总体识别正确率为94.9%,误判率为5.1%,高出正确率的一般标准(75%).综合判别结果及地质研究资料,运用C-M图和粒度散点图揭示了第四纪以来区域的多旋回沉积特征及演化过程,并阐述了地层的形成机制.研究结果可以为第四纪地层划分与对比、地下水资源评价和地层原生劣质水研究提供基础资料.

       

    • 图  1  洞庭盆地构造略图及钻孔位置分布

      地质构造图参考自罗清(2001)中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心(2015)

      Fig.  1.  The tectonic and borehole location distribution in Dongting basin

      图  2  洞庭盆地第四纪覆盖区地层划分比对

      图a柏道远等(2010b);图b赵举兴等(2016);图c方鸿琪(1959)

      Fig.  2.  Division and comparison of Quaternary coverage area in the Dongting basin

      图  3  钻孔BMS01和BMS02典型沉积相的粒度频率分布曲线

      Fig.  3.  Grain size frequency curves for typical sedimentary facies of borehole BMS01 and BMS02

      图  4  钻孔BMS01粒度参数特征及沉积相

      Fig.  4.  The characteristic of grain size distribution parameters and sedimentary facies of borehole BMS01

      图  5  钻孔BMS02粒度参数特征及沉积相

      Fig.  5.  The characteristic of grain size distribution parameters and sedimentary facies of borehole BMS02

      图  6  标准偏差和偏态的对比

      Friedman(1967)

      Fig.  6.  Plot of inclusive graphic skewness and inclusive graphic standard deviation

      图  7  研究区BMS01和BMS02钻孔的C-M

      Fig.  7.  C-M diagram of the borehole BMS01 and BMS02 in the study area

      图  8  粒度参数散点图

      Fig.  8.  Scatter diagram of grain size parameters

      表  1  洞庭湖第四纪岩石地层单位覆盖区划分

      Table  1.   Division of Quaternary lithostratigraphical units in the Dongting basin coverage area

      全新统 上更新统 中更新统 下更新统 参考引文
      赤沙组(Qh3c 团洲组(Qh2t 沅江组(Qh1y 安乡组(Qp3a 洞庭湖组(Qp2dt 湘阴组(Qp1xy 华田组(Qp1ht 皮建高等, 2001
      未定, 包括冲积、湖积、湖冲积等(Qhal, Qhl, Qhlal 坡头组(Qp3p 洞庭湖组(Qp2dt 汨罗组(Qp1m 华田组(Qp1ht 柏道远等, 2010a
      赤沙组(Qh3c 团洲组(Qh2t 沅江组(Qh1y 坡头组(Qp3p 洞庭湖组(Qp2dt 汨罗组(Qp1m 华田组(Qp1ht 陈渡平等, 2014
      未定 安乡组(Qp3a 洞庭湖组(Qp2dt 湘阴组(Qp1xy 华田组(Qp1ht 赵举兴等, 2016
      湖积、湖冲积等(Qhl, Qhlal 安乡组(Qp3a 洞庭湖组(Qp2dt 湘阴组(Qp1xy 华田组(Qp1ht 本文钻孔划分
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  2  BMS01钻孔第四纪地层岩性特征

      Table  2.   The lithologic characteristic of borehole BMS01 in Quaternary

      地质时代 地层组别 代号 地层岩性特征
      全新世 全新统 Qhl, Qhlal 该层表层为褐黄色、灰黄色耕植土,中下层为灰黄色可塑粘土,零星可见铁锰结合,整体上由一期沉积旋回组成,与下层安乡组假整合接触,厚8.70 m.
      晚更新世 安乡组 Qp3a 该层主要为河流相冲积物组成,顶层和底层岩性分别为褐黄色粉砂和粘土层.中层主要为黄褐、灰黄色粗砂夹带砾石,成分主要为石英砂岩,硅质岩等,粒径大于2 mm的颗粒含量约50%~70%,磨圆度一般,呈次圆-次棱角状,有中细砂和泥质物充填.该时期河流水动力条件强,厚5.30 m.
      中更新世 洞庭湖组 Qp2dt 该组岩性结构复杂多变,主要为褐黄色粘土、细砂、中砂、粗砂及砂砾石层,偶见卵石,最大粒径大于5 cm.夹有乳白色粉细砂及粘土,该时期地层强烈抬升可能是河湖多次交替演变的主要原因.总体来说,该时期水动力变化复杂,地层厚度较薄,厚70.25 m.
      早更新世 湘阴组 Qp1xy 岩性结构同样复杂多变,整体上为青灰色、灰白色砂砾石层,夹有3层粗砂层及少量中砂、粉砂及粘土层,以河流相沉积为主.上覆褐黄色厚层硬塑粘土层,多见白云母碎片及铁锰结合,厚78.85 m.
      华田组 Qp1ht 该层主要为绛红色为主的杂色粘土与砂质粘土互层,以湖相沉积作用为主,厚8.90 m.
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  3  钻孔BMS01和BMS02的沉积相判别结果

      Table  3.   The sedimentary facies identification results of borehole BMS01 and BMS02

      钻孔编号 样品数 识别正确个数 正确率(%) 识别错误个数 误判率(%)
      BMS01 76 72 94.7% 4 5.3%
      BMS02 22 21 95.5% 1 4.6%
      总计 98 93 94.9% 5 5.1%
      下载: 导出CSV
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    • 收稿日期:  2020-10-10
    • 网络出版日期:  2021-10-14
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