Carbon and Oxygen Isotopic Characteristics of Devonian in Central Hunan Depression and Its Paleoenvironmental Significance
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摘要: 基于系统碳氧同位素和有机碳测试，在充分论证样品测试数据有效性的基础上，对湘中坳陷地区泥盆系碳氧同位素特征展开分析，探讨了研究区地层对比、古海洋环境发育特征及其对富有机质页岩形成的影响.结果表明，湘中地区泥盆系δ13C受后期蚀变成岩作用影响较小.区内泥盆系δ13C表现出自下而上逐渐变轻，并在欧家冲组底部发生显著的负偏、之后向上逐渐增大的发育趋势.以上曲线与全球泥盆系碳氧同位素曲线相似，具有较为一致的变化趋势.区内泥盆系δ13C曲线形态及偏移程度与四川龙门山剖面、独山其林寨剖面、广西拉利剖面及欧美地台剖面可对比性强，可作为区内地层划分与对比、古海洋环境演化分析的依据.对比结果显示，区内棋梓桥组顶部-佘田桥组底部δ13C曲线与海平面变化存在差异，指示区域性地壳构造升降与全球海平面变化综合主导了区域的古水深变化.区内泥盆系δ13C正漂移与高TOC页岩具有良好对应关系，表明佘田桥组下部、孟公坳组上部富有机质页岩发育层段是大范围海侵阶段的产物，也是构成区内泥盆系页岩气勘探的主要目的层系.Abstract: Based on the systematic carbon and oxygen isotope and organic carbon testing, the carbon and oxygen isotope characteristics of the Devonian in the Central Hunan depression were analyzed by fully proving the validity of the testing data. Results show that the δ13C values of Devonian are less affected by later alteration in the Central Hunan area. The δ13C of Devonian gradually decreases from the bottom to the top and shows a significant negative shift at the bottom of the Oujiachong Formation, and then gradually increases upward. The δ18O curve shows a slowly increasing trend from Middle Devonian to Upper Devonian. The above curves are similar to the carbon and oxygen isotopic curves of the global Devonian strata, and have a relatively consistent trend of change. The shape and migration degree of δ13C curve of Devonian strata in the area are highly comparable with Longmenshan Section in Sichuan Province, Qilinzhai Section in Dushan, Lali Section in Guangxi, and Euramerican platform section, which can be used as the basis for stratigraphic division and correlation in the area and analysis of paleo-marine environment evolution. Results show that there are differences between the δ13C curve and the sea level change from the top of Qiziqiao Formation to the bottom part of Shetianqiao Formation, indicating that the regional paleowater depth change is comprehensively dominated by the regional tectonic activities and the global sea level changes. There is a significant correlation between the δ13C positive drift and the high TOC in the shale of this area, which indicates that the organic-rich shale intervals at the lower part of Shetianqiao Formation and the upper part of Menggongao Formation are the products of large-scale transgression. The intervals consist of the main shale gas exploration target strata of Devonian in the study area.
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图 1 湘中坳陷构造区划及盆地沉积充填演化
Fig. 1. Tectonic division and sedimentary filling evolution of Central Hunan depression
图 2 湘双地1井泥盆系灰岩δ13C-δ18O相关性
Fig. 2. Correlation diagram of Devonian limestone δ13C-δ18O in Xiangshuangdi-1 well
图 3 湘双地1井碳氧同位素及有机碳综合柱状图
海平面变化曲线据Ma et al.(2009)修改
Fig. 3. Composite chart of carbon and oxygen isotopes and organic carbon of Xiangshuangdi-1 well
图 4 湘双地1井泥盆系生物地层划分（剖面位置①②③见图 1）
Fig. 4. Biostratigraphic division of Devonian in Xiangshuagndi-1 well
图 5 湘双地1井与其他泥盆系剖面碳同位素地层对比
a.华南泥盆纪碳同位素地层综合柱状图，据Qie et al.(2019), 图a中1据独山其林寨（Qie et al., 2015），2据桂林铁山（Qie et al., 2015），3据桂林付合（Chen et al., 2013），4据桂林龙门（Ma et al., 2008），5据象州马鞍山（王大锐和白志强，2002），6据横县六景（刘疆和白志强，2009），7据四川龙门山（Qie et al., 2019），8据四川龙门山（崔秉荃等，1993）, 9据欧美地区泥盆纪碳同位素值平均曲线（Buggisch and Joachimski, 2006），10据湖南锡矿山（宗普等，2017）；b. 湘双地1井碳同位素地层综合柱状图；c.全球泥盆纪碳同位素地层综合柱状图，据Zhang et al.(2019)
Fig. 5. Carbon isotope stratigraphic comparison of Xiangshuangdi-1 well and other Devonian section
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