Technology and Mechanism of Soil Salinization Using Gravel Barrier
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摘要: 利用碎石屏障阻断非饱和带毛细上升为土壤盐渍化改良提供了新思路.为了研究碎石屏障对盐渍化土壤改良的可行性以及碎石层结构和埋深对改良效果的影响，在河套灌区西部杭锦后旗典型盐渍化分布区建立试验地，设置了7组不同碎石屏障处理工艺开展土壤盐渍化改良试验，对试验地40 cm深度的土壤盐分、pH、阳离子交换量、交换性钠百分率等参数进行了为期一年的监测和分析.结果表明，7组不同处理中，埋设深度为60~80 cm，利用颗粒直径为1 cm和3 cm的碎石按上细下粗的结构分两层铺设的处理方法改良效果最佳；从表层到40 cm深，土壤EC值平均下降55.9%.较大的碎石屏障埋深，上细下粗的铺设方式，可提高下层碎石孔隙度，并在非饱和带深处切断毛细管，从而有效降低土壤毛细上升高度，抑制深层土壤中的盐分上移"返盐"，改良效果较好.Abstract: The use of gravel barrier to block capillary action provides a new idea for soil salinization improvement. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of soil salinization improvement using gravel, a test site was established in the typical salinization distribution area of Hangjin Rear Banner in the west of Hetao irrigation area. Different structures and buried depths of gravel layers were explored to identify the improvement effect of soil salinization. Soil salinity, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the percentage of sodium exchange were monitored for one year. The results show that among the 7 groups of different treatments, the treatment with buried depth of 60-80 cm and particle diameter of 1 cm and 3 cm was the best condition. The average soil EC value of at the four depths from the surface to 40 cm decreased by 55.9%. The gravel barrier buried deeply and laid down in a fine-grained and coarse manner, which have higher porosity in the bottom layer of the gravel barrier, can cut off the capillary at the deeper depth of unsaturated zone. Therefore, it can decrease effectively the rising height of soil capillary, and inhibit the salt in the deep soils from upward, namely "salt return".
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Key words:
- soil salinity /
- gravel barrier /
- physical improvement /
- capillary effect /
- Hetao irrigation area /
- ecology
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图 2 不同碎石屏障处理对土壤EC值的影响
使用单因素方差分析，不同小写字母表示不同处理在P < 0.05水平差异显著；不同大写字母表示处理2年之间在P < 0.05水平差异显著；下同
Fig. 2. Effect of different gravel barrier treatments on soil EC value
图 6 碎石屏障阻隔毛细作用机理示意
Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of capillary action mechanism of gravel barrier
表 1 不同碎石屏障工艺设计
Table 1. Process design of different gravel barriers
处理编号 埋设深度（cm） 厚度（cm） 粒径和结构 G1（CK） ‒ ‒ ‒ G2 40~60 20 0.1~3 cm，未分选 G3 60~80 20 0.1~3 cm，未分选 G4 40~60 20 1 cm和3 cm，上细下粗 G5 60~80 20 1 cm和3 cm，上细下粗 G6 40~60 20 1~3 cm，未分选 G7 60~80 20 1~3 cm，未分选 
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表 2 不同碎石屏障处理对土壤ESP的影响
Table 2. Effects of different gravel barriers on soil ESP
处理 ESP（%） ESP（%） ESP（%） ESP（%） 0~10 cm 10~20 cm 20~30 cm 30~40 cm 2019年 2020年 2019年 2020年 2019年 2020年 2019年 2020年 G1 30.07±0.32Aa 28.75±0.18Ba 26.81±0.31Ab 26.09±0.25Aa 25.06±0.25Ab 24.78±0.30Aa 25.81±0.60Ab 24.21±0.30Aa G2 26.04±0.51Ab 19.03±0.17Bb 28.50±0.38Aa 19.00±0.16Bb 26.02±0.58Aab 18.16±0.06Bb 25.81±0.16Ab 20.23±0.11Bb G3 23.93±0.27Ac 14.75±0.07Bc 24.76±0.20Ac 14.62±0.11Bc 26.28±0.56Aa 14.69±0.06Bd 28.17±0.59Aa 16.64±0.16Bc G4 26.09±0.08Ab 9.35±0.13Be 24.30±0.15Acd 12.61±0.06Bd 23.79±0.12Ac 10.34±0.12Bf 24.21±0.17Ad 14.35±0.11Bd G5 24.02±0.25Ac 8.87±0.07Bf 22.19±0.29Ae 8.26±0.002Bf 22.19±0.44Ad 8.57±0.01Bg 22.89±0.23Ae 10.98±0.03Bf G6 24.33±0.01Ac 14.90±0.16Bc 24.77±0.53Ac 14.55±0.10Bc 26.23±0.36Aa 15.51±0.11Bc 25.43±0.50Abc 16.89±0.05Bc G7 24.14±0.12Ac 11.40±0.12Bd 23.85±0.46Ad 10.75±0.09Be 26.55±0.60Aa 11.02±0.09Be 24.55±0.15Acd 11.97±0.04Be 注：表中数据形式为平均值±标准差；同列不同小写字母表示不同处理在P < 0.05水平差异显著；不同大写字母表示处理2年之间在P < 0.05水平差异显著.
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