Paleoearthquake Characteristics of Jiayuguan Fault and Its Seismic Risk
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摘要: 嘉峪关断裂位于河西走廊西端，是酒西盆地和酒东盆地的分界断裂，其最新活动特征及强震危险性关系到嘉峪关地区及相关文物古迹的地震灾害问题.基于高分辨率卫星影像解译及野外考察，发现嘉峪关断裂中段由多条分支断裂组成，通过古地震探槽研究以及光释光方法测年，对断裂古地震特征进行了研究.结果表明，嘉峪关断裂最新的一次地震事件发生在约4.3~5.3 ka，之前在约20.0~21.2 ka、37.0~45.0 ka、58.1 ka分别发生过3次古地震事件.根据经验公式，嘉峪关断裂具有发生Mw7.0左右强震的潜能及危险性.在此震级下，嘉峪关城楼文物区的烈度可达到Ⅸ度，嘉峪关市区烈度会达到Ⅷ度.因此，嘉峪关断裂是本区防震减灾需重点关注的发震断层.Abstract: The Jiayuguan fault lies in the western part of the Hexi Corridor, which is a boundary fault between the Jiuxi basin and Jiudong basin. Its latest active characteristics and strong earthquake risk are related to the earthquake disaster of Jiayuguan area and related cultural relics. Based on the interpretation of high-resolution satellite images and field investigation, it is found that the middle segment of the Jiayuguan fault is composed of multiple branch faults. The paleoseismic characteristics of the fault are studied by means of paleoseismical trenching and optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. The results show that the latest earthquake event on the Jiayuguan fault occurred at 4.3-5.3 ka, and three other events occurred approximately at 20.0-21.2 ka, 37.0-45.0 ka and 58.1 ka. According to the empirical relationship, the Jiayuguan fault has the potential and risk for strong earthquake of Mw 7.0. Under this magnitude, the seismic intensity of Jiayuguan tower area will be up to Ⅸ, and the Jiayuguan urban area will be Ⅷ. Therefore, the Jiayuguan fault is an important seismogenic fault in this area.
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Key words:
- Hexi Corridor /
- Jiayuguan fault /
- Holocene /
- paleoearthquake /
- seismology
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图 1 祁连山-河西走廊活动断裂及强震分布
Fig. 1. Distribution of active faults and strong earthquakes in Qilian Shan-Hexi Corridor
图 3 嘉峪关断裂火车站-城楼南卫星影像
Fig. 3. Satellite image of the Jiayuguan fault at railway station and Chenglou south site
图 5 城楼探槽1北壁照片及解译图
Fig. 5. Photo and interpretation in the south wall of trench 1 at Chenglou site
图 6 城楼探槽2南壁照片及解译图
Fig. 6. Photo and interpretation in the south wall of trench 2 at Chenglou site
图 7 火车站探槽2南壁照片及解译图
Fig. 7. Photo and interpretation in the south wall of trench 2 at railway station site
图 8 火车站探槽3南壁照片及解译图
Fig. 8. Photo and interpretation in the south wall of trench 3 at railway station site
表 1 嘉峪关断裂光释光样品测年结果
Table 1. OSL dating results of the Jiayuguan fault
样品编号 埋深（m） U-238 (Bq/kg) Th-232 (Bq/kg) K-40（Bq/kg） 环境剂量率（Ga/ka） 等效剂量（Ga） 年龄（ka） CLTC02-02 1.1 4.8±2.2 57.1±4.3 428.8±34.3 2.3±0.2 111.8±18.6 47.8±9.7 CLTC03-03 0.2 24.2±2.0 35.0±2.6 617.1±49.4 2.7±0.3 99.2±11.4 37.0±5.6 CLTC01-01 0.2 46.6±6.4 42.2±3.1 587.6±47.0 3.3±0.3 126.2±14.6 38.2±6.7 CLTC01-04 0.4 29.9±4.8 40.3±3.0 616.9±49.3 2.9±0.3 212.2±22.9 74.3±11.3 CLTC02-03 0.3 29.3±4.8 68.3±5.1 646.9±51.7 3.3±0.3 69.6±15.4 21.2±5.5 
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