Rift System in Northern Yangtze Block during Nanhua Period: Implications from Gravity Anomaly and Sedimentology
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摘要: 南华纪华南发育一系列裂谷及其相关的沉积盆地，在扬子地块的西部康滇地区、中部四川盆地及东部湘桂地区皆有裂谷盆地的直接证据.扬子地块北缘大巴山地区地形复杂、研究基础薄弱，对裂谷盆地是否存在尚未有清楚的认识.该研究有助于正确了解大巴山地区南华纪裂谷的空间展布规律，并对扬子北缘的地球动力学研究提供一定的启示.针对大巴山地区利用重力异常及野外露头资料开展了综合研究，揭示了扬子北缘大巴山南华裂谷的东西向展布形态，裂谷从南秦岭中部延伸到四川盆地东北部.同时构建出裂谷内与裂谷肩的地层充填序列及空间格架.基于上述盆地格架与沉积填充特征，提出大巴山地区弧后裂谷的构造背景.Abstract: A series of rift valleys and their related sedimentary basins were developed in South China during Nanhua period. There are direct evidences of rift valleys in Kangdian area, Sichuan basin and Hunan-Guangxi area. However, there is no clear understanding of the existence of rift basin due to the complex terrain and weak previous studies in the Daba Mountain area. The study of this area is helpful to understand the existence of Nanhua rift in Daba Mountain area and provides some enlightenment for the study of tectonic evolution in northern Yangtze block.In this paper, the gravity anomaly and field outcrop data were used to carry out a comprehensive study in this area. The present distribution pattern of Nanhua rift was revealed in Daba Mountain area, northern Yangtze block, and the stratigraphic filling sequence and spatial framework in and between the rifts were constructed. The study shows that the Daba Mountain rift is east-west trending along Zhushan-Dazhou, extending from the middle of South Qinling to the northeast of Sichuan basin. Based on the basin framework and sedimentary filling characteristics, the tectonic background of the back-arc rift in the Daba Mountain area is proposed, which provides enlightenment for the Neoproterozoic dynamic mechanism in the northern margin of the Yangtze block.
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Key words:
- rift /
- Nanhua period /
- Daba Mountain /
- Yangtze block /
- gravity anomaly /
- basin infilling /
- sedimentology
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图 1 上扬子北缘地质构造简图
I.黄陵隆起; II.神农架隆起; III.武当隆起; IV.大巴山构造带; V.汉南地块; 底图改自Zhao and Cawood（2012），川中裂谷引自Dong et al.（2013）和魏国齐等（2019）
Fig. 1. Geological structure of the northern upper Yangtze Block
图 3 小子域滤波法原理（据杨高印，1995）
Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of sub-domain filtering method(according to Yang(1995))
图 6 重力高异常地区剖面南华系岩性特征
a.莲沱组石英砂岩，板状斜层理（星子山剖面）；b.莲沱组紫红色砂岩与古城组砾岩整合接触面（蚂蝗沟剖面附近后山坪地区）；c.古城组下部冰碛砾岩，砾石石英质、白云质（蚂蝗沟剖面）；d.大塘坡组黑色泥岩与南沱组砾岩呈大型火焰状接触（蚂蝗沟剖面）；e.南沱组冰碛砾岩，砾石石英质、白云质（蚂蝗沟剖面）；f. 南沱组与莲沱组平行不整合接触面（星子山剖面）；g.南沱组含砾砂岩，砾石花岗岩质（星子山剖面）；h.陡山沱组与南沱组整合接触面（蚂蝗沟剖面）；i.重力高异常区南华系岩性柱状图
Fig. 6. Lithologic characteristics of Nanhua Series in high gravity anomaly area
图 7 重力低异常地区剖面南华系岩性特征
a.龙潭河组灰绿色凝灰质砂岩（河鱼剖面）；b.龙潭河组浊积岩细节（河鱼剖面）；c.代安河组砂岩中泥岩撕裂屑（河鱼剖面）；d.代安河组灰黄色块状细砂岩（河鱼剖面）；e.木座组含砾砂岩，砾石为下部龙潭河组凝灰质砂岩（河鱼剖面）；f.木座组含砾砂岩，砾石为白云质（打熊溪剖面）；g.木座组玄武岩砾石镜下图（河鱼剖面）；h.木座组与陡山沱组整合接触面（河鱼剖面）；i.重力低异常地区南华系岩性柱状图
Fig. 7. Lithologic characteristics of Nanhua Series in low gravity anomaly area
表 1 大巴山地区地层密度统计
Table 1. Statistics of stratum density in Daba Mountain area
地层 岩石平均密度（g/cm3） 三叠系 2.65 二叠系 2.69 石炭系 2.67 志留系 2.67 奥陶系 2.71 寒武系 2.68 震旦系 2.81 南华系 2.71 太古界-中元古界基底 2.88 注：表中岩石密度数据源自张燕(2013)；赵文举等(2018)；潘商等(2020). 
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