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    安宁地热田浅部热储水化学特征及补给通道位置

    徐梓矿 徐世光 张世涛

    徐梓矿, 徐世光, 张世涛, 2021. 安宁地热田浅部热储水化学特征及补给通道位置. 地球科学, 46(11): 4175-4187. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2020.401
    引用本文: 徐梓矿, 徐世光, 张世涛, 2021. 安宁地热田浅部热储水化学特征及补给通道位置. 地球科学, 46(11): 4175-4187. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2020.401
    Xu Zikuang, Xu Shiguang, Zhang Shitao, 2021. Hydro-Geochemistry of Anning Geothermal Field and Flow Channels Inferring of Upper Geothermal Reservoir. Earth Science, 46(11): 4175-4187. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2020.401
    Citation: Xu Zikuang, Xu Shiguang, Zhang Shitao, 2021. Hydro-Geochemistry of Anning Geothermal Field and Flow Channels Inferring of Upper Geothermal Reservoir. Earth Science, 46(11): 4175-4187. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2020.401

    安宁地热田浅部热储水化学特征及补给通道位置

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2020.401
    基金项目: 

    云南联合基金项目“若干植物类群的演化、灭绝及其对亚洲季风气候的响应” U1502231

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      徐梓矿(1990-), 男, 博士研究生, 从事水文地质、地热、地下水环境方面研究.ORCID: 0000-0001-7210-3592.E-mail: xzk99882008@vip.qq.com

      通讯作者:

      张世涛, ORCID: 0000-0002-8901-9255.E-mail: taogezhang@hotmail.com

    • 中图分类号: P314;P641

    Hydro-Geochemistry of Anning Geothermal Field and Flow Channels Inferring of Upper Geothermal Reservoir

    • 摘要: 碳酸盐岩淡水热储层在我国西南地区广泛分布,安宁地热田毗邻昆明地热田西侧约40 km,是具有垂向双层热储结构的低温地热田.在深部地层缺乏钻探资料时,为了探究地热田成因,寻找深部热储向浅部热储的补给通道,使用了以下研究方法:(1)通过类比昆明地热田确定灯影组深部热储的水化学特征,(2)从水岩作用、水化学类型和主要离子相关性分析方面入手,阐述深部热储与浅部栖霞茅口组热储水化学特征的区别与联系,发现可用钠离子作为热水通道的指示因子,(3)以包括开采现状、实测温度和通道位置的数值反演模型验证通道的合理性.分析显示,浅部地热水为混合水,水化学类型(HCO3-Ca·Mg型)明显受同层冷水控制,与深部地热水离子浓度差别大.浅部热储水各点的地热水化学特征差异小,仅钠离子浓度分布可与地热田温度分区和开发利用情况相呼应.对于补给通道的水化学数据分析结果和数值模拟结果嵌合较好,说明采用以钠离子分布为主的综合分析方法所推断的补给通道位置较为合理.

       

    • 图  1  1991年降水量、螳螂川河水位和泉水水位

      Fig.  1.  Precipitation and water level of Tanglang river and hot spring in 1991

      图  2  安宁地热田地层结构与成因剖面

      Fig.  2.  Stratigraphic texture and genetic mechanism of Anning geothermal field

      图  3  研究区水文地质条件与水样点分布

      Fig.  3.  Hydrogeology conditions and sampling locations

      图  4  安宁地热田地下热水氢氧同位素组成

      Fig.  4.  Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of Anning geothermal field

      图  5  安宁地热田浅部热储地下水Gibbs图

      Fig.  5.  Gibbs diagrams of shallow geothermal reservoir of Anning geothermal field

      图  6  安宁地热田浅部热储地下水Piper图

      Fig.  6.  Piper diagram of water samples from upper geothermal reservoir

      图  7  七大离子浓度与浅层地热水温度关系

      Fig.  7.  Relationship between seven ions concentration and upper geothermal water temperature

      图  8  浅部地热水的γ(Ca2++Mg2+)与γ(HCO3+ SO42‒)关系图

      Fig.  8.  γ(Ca2++Mg2+) and γ(HCO3+ SO42‒) of upper geothermal water

      图  9  浅部热储钠离子等值线、地热显示与推测补给通道分布

      Fig.  9.  Sodium concentration contour, geothermal manifestations and inferred flow channels of upper geothermal reservoir

      图  10  有限元网格与计算水位

      Fig.  10.  Finite-element mesh and simulating hydraulic head

      图  11  地热田模型主要井点温度误差

      Fig.  11.  Temperature error between simulated and measured values of main thermal wells

      图  12  浅部热储的模拟地温场、地热显示与推测补给通道

      Fig.  12.  Simulated temperature field, geothermal manifestations and inferred flow channels of upper geothermal reservoir

      表  1  安宁地热田15组地下冷热水样分析结果

      Table  1.   Chemical composition of 15 groundwater samples of Anning geothermal field

      编号 名称 水温(℃) $ \mathrm{p}\mathrm{H} $ $ \mathrm{\delta }{}^{2}\mathrm{H} $ $ \mathrm{\delta }{}^{18}\mathrm{O} $ $ \mathrm{T}\mathrm{D}\mathrm{S} $ $ \mathrm{H}\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}^{-} $ $ \mathrm{C}{\mathrm{l}}^{-} $ $ \mathrm{S}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}^{2-} $ $ {\mathrm{K}}^{+} $ $ \mathrm{N}{\mathrm{a}}^{+} $ $ \mathrm{C}{\mathrm{a}}^{2+} $ $ \mathrm{M}{\mathrm{g}}^{2+} $ 离子平衡检验(%)
      (mg/L)
      1 军区疗养院 43.0
      2 云南省干部疗养院1 41.0 7.4 ‒57.5 ‒13.8 277.6 262.8 7.9 20.9 1.8 14.9 53.5 23.5 3.28
      3 云南省干部疗养院2 39.7
      4 云南省干部疗养院3 38.5 7.5 ‒53.9 ‒16.0 293.0 273.8 9.9 22.1 2.0 19.0 55.3 24.1 3.67
      5 停车场井 42.4 7.4 ‒58.8 ‒14.0 260.8 256.5 9.9 14.9 1.9 7.9 43.3 29.1 1.62
      6 天下第一汤 44.5 7.5 ‒52.2 ‒11.7 291.2 258.1 9.9 31.6 2.0 17.6 54.4 21.8 1.55
      7 温泉别墅 44.0
      8 温泉宾馆 43.5 7.1 ‒63.4 ‒12.8 265.9 258.1 9.9 16.4 2.0 8.5 54.4 21.8 0.85
      9 会议中心 35.0 7.6 ‒53.5 ‒17.3 275.5 264.4 9.9 19.9 2.2 7.3 59.0 20.1 ‒0.50
      10 温泉小村 31.5 7.2 ‒58.3 ‒15.6 259.5 234.5 9.9 21.4 2.2 12.2 49.8 21.8 3.20
      11 温泉街道办 38.0 7.4 ‒67.5 ‒14.0 303.7 275.4 11.9 25.2 2.8 22.2 58.1 21.8 3.25
      12 云涛酒店 40.0 7.5 ‒54.0 ‒16.3 278.3 251.8 9.9 22.8 1.8 14.2 55.3 21.3 2.98
      13 摩崖石刻1 32.0 7.5 ‒61.6 ‒14.0 284.6 269.1 11.9 24.8 1.5 23.8 35.0 33.6 3.00
      14 摩崖石刻2 36.5 7.3 ‒51.3 ‒11.1 266.7 266.0 10.9 25.7 2.0 24.8 56.2 19.6 3.25
      15 牧羊火车站 20.0 7.8 171.5 192.0 1.0 7.1 0.8 3.9 32.3 21.3 3.41
      16 铁路武装部 21.0 7.5 310.9 350.9 2.0 26.0 0.8 5.7 25.8 61.0 1.77
      17 猎人苑 18.0 7.7 196.4 215.6 < 0.99 9.5 0.7 12.0 36.9 19.0 2.81
      18 珍泉村 19.0 7.2 233.7 245.5 3.0 14.3 0.7 10.0 38.7 28.5 3.57
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  2  昆明地热田地下热水常规指标

      Table  2.   Chemical compositions of thermal water in Kunming geothermal field

      矿化度(mg/L) $ \mathrm{p}\mathrm{H} $ K+ Na+ Ca2+ Mg2+ HCO3 SO42‒ Cl-
      (mg/L)
      130~720 6.8~8.2 6.0~24 1.7~135.0 15.24~88.32 7.08~40.94 299.79~462.9 2.0~196.0 1.15~40.13
      注:改自徐世光(2001).
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  3  数值模型水头计算值与观测值(m)

      Table  3.   Simulating hydraulic head of numerical model and observing head

      编号 名称 观测水头 计算水头 误差
      3 云南省干部疗养院2 1 823.8 1 822.05 ‒1.75
      5 停车场井 1 823.6 1 823.26 ‒0.34
      6 天下第一汤 1 823.1 1 823.34 0.24
      10 温泉小村 1 821.5 1 822.54 1.04
      12 云涛酒店 1 822.7 1 822.09 ‒0.61
      14 摩崖石刻2 1 821.5 1 822.39 0.89
      下载: 导出CSV
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