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    黔西南普安铅锌矿区盆地尺度构造

    周亮 胡煜昭 谭笑林 李丕优 程涌

    周亮, 胡煜昭, 谭笑林, 李丕优, 程涌, 2022. 黔西南普安铅锌矿区盆地尺度构造. 地球科学, 47(1): 368-386. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.001
    引用本文: 周亮, 胡煜昭, 谭笑林, 李丕优, 程涌, 2022. 黔西南普安铅锌矿区盆地尺度构造. 地球科学, 47(1): 368-386. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.001
    Zhou Liang, Hu Yuzhao, Tan Xiaolin, Li Piyou, Cheng Yong, 2022. Basin-Scale Structure of Pu'an Pb-Zn Deposit Area, Southwest Guizhou, China. Earth Science, 47(1): 368-386. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.001
    Citation: Zhou Liang, Hu Yuzhao, Tan Xiaolin, Li Piyou, Cheng Yong, 2022. Basin-Scale Structure of Pu'an Pb-Zn Deposit Area, Southwest Guizhou, China. Earth Science, 47(1): 368-386. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.001

    黔西南普安铅锌矿区盆地尺度构造

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.001
    基金项目: 

    国家自然科学基金项目 41672073

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      周亮(1995-), 男, 硕士研究生, 构造地质学专业.ORCID: 0000-0003-0529-6130.E-mail: 1126232363@qq.com

      通讯作者:

      胡煜昭, E-mail: huyuzhao155@sohu.com

    • 中图分类号: P542.5;P613

    Basin-Scale Structure of Pu'an Pb-Zn Deposit Area, Southwest Guizhou, China

    • 摘要:

      贵州省普安铅锌矿区位于华南褶皱带西北缘的黔西南坳陷,矿体主要赋存在石炭系的白云质灰岩和白云岩中,构造控矿特征显著. NW-SE走向的二维地震剖面横穿了铅锌矿区,清晰地揭示了矿区的地层和NE向构造格架. 从浅层的泥盆系至深层的新元古界,共标定了3个反射层和3个反射单元,据两个重要角度不整合面,矿区呈现为双层基底、单层盖层的“2+1”盆地地层格架,为讨论黔西南的大地构造属性提供了新佐证. 矿区盆地构造格架呈现为2条主控逆冲断层夹多种构造样式的次一级逆冲断层和褶皱,对地震剖面显示的断层露头及其派生构造进行了野外观察和几何学、运动学解析,解剖了4个矿床的控矿断层,发现挤压逆冲断层活动时间与成矿年代息息相关. 基于剖面解释的构造格架,详细分析了各个构造要素在成矿过程中的作用,2条深切基底的一级断裂是来自大气降水和盆地深部的流体通道,广西运动不整合面(下称“广西面”)则是成矿流体侧向运输通道,刺穿下-中泥盆统火烘组(D1-2h)(不透水层)的盖层断裂是矿液上升至石炭系成矿的渠道;结合典型矿床的构造控矿特性,构建了普安铅锌矿区的盆地尺度构造控矿模型.

       

    • 图  1  普安铅锌矿区地质(a)及大地构造略图(b)

      a. 据马力等(2004)修改. 结合带:①师宗‒弥勒带;②金沙‒墨江带;③垭都‒紫云‒罗甸带;④八布‒Phu-Ngu带;⑤溆浦‒四堡带;⑥儋县‒屯昌带;⑦萍乡‒郴州‒博白带;⑧长乐‒南澳带;⑨绍兴‒萍乡带. 二级构造单元:Ⅰ1. 黔中‒滇东隆起;Ⅰ2. 黔南坳陷;Ⅰ3. 雪峰基底拆离造山带;Ⅱ1. 黔西南坳陷;Ⅱ2. 罗甸断坳;Ⅱ3. 南盘江坳陷. b. P3ch. 长兴组;P3l.龙潭组;P2‒3em.峨眉山组;P2m.茅口组;P2q.栖霞组;P2l.梁山组;(C2‒P1)m.马平组;C2h.黄龙组;C1‒2w.威宁组;C1‒2n.南丹组;C1dw.打屋坝组;C1m.睦化组;C1b.摆佐组;C1d.大塘组

      Fig.  1.  Tectonic map (a) and simplified geologic map (b) of the research area

      图  2  黔西南普安铅锌矿区地层柱状简图

      张德明等(2014)和Hu et al. (2017)修改

      Fig.  2.  The simplified stratigraphic sequences of Pu'an Pb-Zn deposit area, Southwest Guizhou, China

      图  3  NW-SE向横穿铅锌矿区地震剖面解释

      时‒深(时间‒深度)转换数据来源于南盘江坳陷秧1井TP反射层(二叠系底部)的时间‒速度模板曲线. 地层单元:T1-T2. 下‒中三叠统;P3. 上二叠统;D-P2. 泥盆系‒中二叠统;D3s-T2g. 上泥盆统桑郎组‒中二叠统关岭组;D3s-P1. 上泥盆统桑郎组‒下二叠统;D1-2h. 下‒中泥盆统火烘组;D1-D1-2g. 下泥盆统‒下中泥盆统罐子窑组;S.志留系;∈-O.寒武系‒奥陶系;Pt2. 中元古界;Pt3. 新元古界;An∈. 前寒武纪地层

      Fig.  3.  Interpretation of the NW-SE-striking seismic profile across the Pb-Zn deposit

      图  4  高棉乡北侧F2断层及其上盘褶皱素描图

      Fig.  4.  Sketch and photo of F2 and its secondary fold in the north of Gaomian Village

      图  5  赋存在虚脱部位的对门坡矿床(O-1)

      a.据杨德传等(2017)修改;b.褶皱虚脱空间形成示意图;c.F3及其派生构造示意图

      Fig.  5.  Duimenpo Pb-Zn ore body (O-1) occurring in the secondary folds

      图  6  F3上盘派生的虚脱构造和叠加褶皱

      Fig.  6.  Saddle structure and superposed fold on hanging wall of F3

      图  7  F4素描图及其派生次级构造

      地层代号同图 2

      Fig.  7.  Sketch and photo of F4 and its parasitical structure

      图  8  受F4控制赋存在层间破碎带中的莲花山矿体(O-2)

      杨光龙(2007)修改

      Fig.  8.  Lianhuashan ore body (O-2) in the interlayer fracture zone controlled by F4

      图  9  罐子窑镇南侧F5素描图

      Fig.  9.  Sketch and photo of F5 in the south of Guanziyao Town

      图  10  铁厂村公路旁F5及其引起的上盘顺层滑动构造

      Fig.  10.  Sketch and photo of F5 and the sliding structures generated by F5 in roadside near Tiechang Village

      图  11  铅厂矿床(O-3)勘探剖面及露头滑脱构造素描图

      图a据曾广乾等(2017)修改

      Fig.  11.  Exploration profiles and outcrop sketch of detachment structure of Qianchang deposit (O-3)

      图  12  麻布河北侧F6及其上盘背斜中的双峰山矿床(O-4)

      Fig.  12.  Photos of F6 and Shuangfengshan deposit (O-4) occurring in the fault-propagation fold in the north of Mabu River

      图  13  双峰山矿区发育的不同方位褶皱变形

      a. 近东西向挤压产生的“M”形褶皱(F6活动产生);b. 近南北向挤压产生的斜歪褶皱;c. 与F6同倾向的厘米级逆断层

      Fig.  13.  Fold deformation in different directions in Shuangfengshan mineral area

      图  14  盆地尺度构造控矿模型

      地层代号同图 2

      Fig.  14.  Basin-scale model of structure controlling Pb-Zn deposits

      表  1  反射层(单元)地震属性

      Table  1.   Attributes of seismic reflectors (reflective units)

      代号 反射层
      (反射单元)
      同相
      轴数
      地震反射基本属性
      振幅 视频率 连续性
      RU1 火烘组 3~4 中‒强 中频
      TD 下泥盆统底 2~3 弱‒中 中频
      TS 下志留统底 2~3 中‒强 中频
      T∈ 下寒武统底 3~5 中‒强 高频
      RU2 震旦系 5~6 中‒强 高频
      RU3 TB1 南华系、青白口系 4~5 中频
      TB2 8~10 高频
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  2  地震线穿过的主要构造

      Table  2.   Main structures cut by seismic profile

      代号 名称 地表及深部特征
      F1 格所河逆冲断层 倾向近W,倾角65°左右,落差约1 200 m,断开了S-C2;走向近SN,破碎带宽20~40 m
      F2 高棉‒马场逆冲断层 走向NE,延伸30 km左右,倾向NW,倾角60°~70°,断距达到6 000 m,错断了Pt3-T2
      F3 苏子坡逆冲断层 走向NEE,延长15 km,倾向SSE,倾角78°,可见断层引起上盘A1核部变宽效应,控制了对门坡矿床
      F4 新寨逆冲断层 走向SN,倾向E,断距120 m左右. 控莲花山矿床
      F5 罐子窑逆冲断层 走向NE,长度18.2 km,倾向NW,倾角30°~50°,可划分为南段、中段、北段. 控铅厂矿床
      F6 苏子坪逆冲断层 走向NE,倾向NW,倾角50°,断距50~300 m. 控双峰山矿床
      A1 格所河背斜 近SN向展布,轴面倾向W,枢纽弯曲起伏且向S倾伏,被F3和F4错断,核部地层为D2h,倒转强烈
      A2 代家菁背斜 近SN向展布,轴面倾向W,被一条NW向断层错断,核部地层为D1-2g
      A3 丁头山背斜 在约0.3 km2范围内岩层产状变化为350°~25°∠70°~25°,有向SW倾伏的趋势,核部地层为C1dw
      注:据张德明等(2014)杨德传等(2017).
      下载: 导出CSV
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    出版历程
    • 收稿日期:  2020-12-19
    • 网络出版日期:  2022-02-11
    • 刊出日期:  2022-01-20

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