Microfossils and Paleoenvironmental Significance of Late Paleoproterozoic Ruyang Group in South Margin of North China Craton: Evidence from Microstructure and Biomarker
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摘要: 华北克拉通南缘古元古代晚期汝阳群白草坪组页岩中产出大量的具刺和细网状纹饰的球形疑源类，其中以Shuiyousphaeridium macroreticulatum与Dictyosphaera macroreticulata化石标本最具代表性.利用扫描电子显微镜结合光学生物显微镜对其膜壳微细构造进行观察，结果显示：膜壳表面的刺饰形态具有多样性分叉；其膜壳壁可能是由多边形网脊及膜层构成，而不是由多角形板片及膜层构成.同时通过对比研究，认为两种最具代表性的特征分子可能是同一生物不同阶段的产物.此外，通过对赋存微体化石页岩进行生物标志化合物分析，检测到的姥鲛烷/植烷比(Pr/Ph)大于1、伽马蜡烷丰度中等及生物标志化合物(C30藿烷、C27甾烷和三环萜烷)，结合前人关于汝阳群沉积环境的研究，不仅指示了汝阳群微体化石群沉积古环境应为正常的海洋环境——滨海-浅海相，也指示了元古代真核生物已经存在，为重建微体化石群和探讨早期生命演化提供了重要的理论依据.Abstract: There are a large number of acritarchs with spines and fine reticular patterns, well exposed in the shale of Baicaoping Formation of Ruyang Group in western Henan, such as Shuiyousphaeridium macroreticulatum and Dictyosphaera macroreticulata which are the most representative fossil specimens. In this paper, the microscopic structure of the membrane shell was observed by scanning electron microscope combined with optical biological microscope. Moreover, the two representative fossil specimens (Shuiyousphaeridium macroreticulatum and Dictyosphaera macroreticulata) may be produced at different stages of the same organism. These features not only reveal more information about the original characteristics of the microbe, but also enrich the morphological classification of the microfossils in Ruyang Group. In addition, based on the analyses of biomarker from shale with microfossils, it shows that pristane/phytane ratio (Pr/Ph) is greater than 1, the abundance of gammacerane is medium and there is biomarker (C30 hopane, C27 sterane and tricyclic terpane), which not only indicates that the paleoenvironment of microfossils in Ruyang Group should be normal marine environment-coastal-shallow sea facies, but also indicates the existence of Proterozoic eukaryotes, which provides an important theoretical basis for the reconstruction of microfauna and the discussion of the evolution of early life.
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Key words:
- Ruyang Group /
- Baicaoping Formation /
- microfossil /
- biomarker compound /
- Paleoproterozoic /
- paleobiology
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图 1 研究区地质简图和汝阳群岩性柱状图
a.示水幽沟剖面；b.示罗圈村剖面
Fig. 1. Simplified geological map of the sections and stratigraphic column of Ruyang Group
图 2 大型网面水幽球藻(Shuiyousphaeridium macroreticulatum)在SEM下刺饰特征一
a，b，d~i. 09710-7-018；b，d~i. 图a的局部放大，均显示其膜壳表面刺饰(除图i显示膜壳表面网状纹饰)；c. 膜壳表面刺饰形态示意图. 单线比例尺=10 μm；双线比例尺=1 μm.以上标本均采自水幽沟剖面
Fig. 2. (Feature i) Processes on the wall of Shuiyousphaeridium macroreticulatum under the SEM
图 3 大型网面水幽球藻(Shuiyousphaeridium macroreticulatum)在SEM下刺饰特征二
a，b，d~i. 09710-7-024；b，d~i. 图a的局部放大，均显示其膜壳表面刺饰(除图i显示膜壳表面网状纹饰)；c.膜壳表面刺饰形态示意图. 单线比例尺=10 μm；双线比例尺=1 μm. 以上标本均采自罗圈村剖面
Fig. 3. (Feature ii) Processes on the wall of Shuiyousphaeridium macroreticulatum under the SEM
图 4 精细网球藻(Dictyosphaera macroreticulata)在光学显微镜与SEM下网格纹饰特征
a. G0977-40；b. 图a的局部放大，示膜壳表面的网格状纹饰；c. G09710-14-7；d~f. 0977-17，e~f. 图d的局部放大，图f中黄色箭头方向指示膜壳表面凸起的网脊；g. 0977-12；h. 0977-17-1，黄色箭头方向指示膜壳表面凸起的网脊；i.09710-19-17；j. 09710-19-10；k. 09710-7-17；l. 09710-7-20；m. 0977-8；n. 09710-7-9；o. 09710-23-18，黄色箭头方向指示膜壳内层网格形态. 黑色单线比例尺=50 μm；白色单线比例尺=10 μm；双线比例尺=1 μm. 以上标本均采自罗圈村剖面
Fig. 4. Reticulate on the wall of Dictyosphaera macroreticulata under the optical microscope and the SEM
图 5 Shuiyousphaeridium与Dictyosphaera macroreticulata之间的“过渡”类型
a. 09710-7-024；b. 09710-7-031；c. G09710-28；d，k. 09710-23，k是图d的局部放大；e. G09710-19；f. G09710-32；g，l. 09710-23，l是图g的局部放大；h. G09710-28；i. G09710-16；j. 0977-12.图a，b，d，g，j~l中，单线比例尺=10 μm；图c，e，f，h中，单线比例尺=100 μm；图i中，单线比例尺=50 μm.图中黄色方框指示放大部分，黄色箭头指示膜壳表面的刺体.其中，图c，e，f，h，i为光学显微镜照片，其他均为光学显微镜照片.以上标本均采自罗圈村剖面
Fig. 5. Transitional type between Shuiyousphaeridium and Dictyosphaera macroreticulata
图 6 烷烃总离子流图与链烷烃分布
Pr为姥鲛烷；Ph为植烷；C17为正构烷烃
Fig. 6. The total ion current of alkane and the distribution of chain alkane
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