Genesis of E-MORB-Like Mafic Dykes in Southwestern Fujian Province, SE China: Evidence from Geochemistry, Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Sr-Nd Isotope
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摘要: 闽西南地区发育富集洋脊玄武岩（E-MORB）地球化学特征的基性岩墙，这对研究晚中生代中国东南部的构造岩浆作用具有重要指示意义.利用岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学、元素地球化学、同位素地球化学等方法对早白垩世闽西南基性岩墙进行研究，岩墙以辉绿岩和角闪辉长辉绿岩为主，属于中-低钾岩石系列，Mg#值为55.80~66.38.锆石U-Pb年龄为117.4±3.8 Ma，为早白垩世晚期岩浆活动的产物.样品富集Rb、Ba、U、K、LREE等元素，无明显Nb、Ta、Ti亏损，显示出E-MORB的地球化学特征；（87Sr/86Sr）i=0.706 50~0.710 19、εNd（t）=-0.9~4.0，同位素Sr中等富集、Nd弱亏损.成岩过程有少量橄榄石和单斜辉石的分离结晶作用，无明显地壳混染作用.由于太平洋板块受南岭E-W向巨厚岩石圈的阻碍，导致板片下插速率与邻区产生差异，局部撕裂形成板片窗，软流圈地幔物质沿“窗口”上涌并卷裹起板片上的海洋沉积物，在上升中发生交代作用形成具有E-MORB特征的地幔岩.在早白垩世晚期的大陆拉张-陆内初始裂谷背景下，伴随软流圈上涌富集地幔岩发生部分熔融，形成的基性岩浆上侵形成了闽西南基性岩墙.Abstract: E-MORB-like mafic dykes are exposed in Southwest Fujian Province and record key information of tectonic-magmatism in Southeast China during Late Cenozoic. A comprehensive research of petrology, zircon U-Pb dating, elemental geochemistry and isotope geochemistry was carried out. Mafic dykes are composed of dolerite and hornblende gabbro dolerite, and possess middle-low potassic features, with the Mg# values range from 55.80 to 66.38. Zircon U-Pb dating yield an age of 117.4±3.8 Ma, indicating that mafic dykes were emplaced at end of Early Cretaceous. Dykes enrich in Rb, Ba, U, K and LREE, without obvious depletion of Nb, Ta and Ti, which is consist with the E-MORB geochemical affinities. Samples have positive εNd(t) (-0.9 to 4.0), and (87Sr/86Sr)i values range from 0.706 50 to 0.710 19. Geochemical compositions show that the olivine and clinopyroxene fractionation have occurred and crustal contamination did not played an important role during the emplacement. We propose a slab window model to interpret the formation of mafic dykes. Subduction speed of Pacific plate beneath Nanling area was decreased by the overlying thickened lithosphere, which lead to the subduction velocity of the plate to be different from that of the adjacent area, and resulted in the formation of slab windows. Asthenospheric material could rise through slab windows, and carried and interacted with oceanic sediments, forming the E-MORB-like mantle rocks. With the upwelling of asthenosphere, E-MORB-like mantle materials will undergo partially melt and the resulting melts will emplace to form mafic dykes with a continental extensional-intracontinental rift setting at end of Early Cretaceous.
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Key words:
- mafic dyke /
- E-MORB /
- zircon U-Pb geochronology /
- geochemistry /
- Southwest Fujian
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图 1 中国东南部中生代岩浆岩分布简图(a)和工作区地质简图(b)
a据Zhou et al.(2006)修改; b据黄泉祯等(1998)修改
Fig. 1. Distribution of Mesozoic granite-volcanic rocks in Southeast China (a) and overview map showing the distribution of mafic dykes in the Southwest Fujian (b)
图 2 闽西南基性岩墙标本与镜下正交偏光照片
Pl.斜长石, Cpx.单斜辉石, Chl.绿泥石, Ilm.钛铁矿
Fig. 2. Orthogonal polarized photographs of the mafic dykes in Southwest Fujian
图 3 闽西南基性岩墙锆石颗粒部分CL图像及LA-ICP-MS分析点
Fig. 3. Representative cathodoluminescence (CL) images for zircons from dykes
图 4 闽西南基性岩墙锆石U-Pb年龄图解
Fig. 4. Zircon U-Pb concordia plots and calculated 206Pb/238U ages of mafic dykes in the Southwest Fujian
图 5 闽西南基性岩墙TAS(a)与SiO2-K2O(b)图解
图a引自Middlemost(1994); 图b底图引自Rickwood(1989); a.Ir-Irvine分界线, 上方为碱性, 下方为亚碱性; 1.橄榄辉长岩; 2a.碱性辉长岩; 2b.亚碱性辉长岩; 3.辉长闪长岩; 4.闪长岩; 5.花岗闪长岩; 6.花岗岩; 7.硅英岩; 8.二长辉长岩; 9.二长闪长岩; 10.二长岩; 11.石英二长岩; 12.正长岩; 13.副长石辉长岩; 14.副长石二长闪长岩; 15.副长石二长正长岩; 16.副长正长岩; 17.副长深成岩; 18.霓方钠岩/磷霞岩/粗白榴岩
Fig. 5. K2O+Na2O vs. SiO2 diagram (a), K2O vs. SiO2 diagram (b) for mafic dykes from Southwest Fujian
图 6 闽西南基性岩墙MgO横坐标Hark图解
新生代玄武岩数据引自Zou et al.(2000); Ho et al.(2003); Li et al.(2015); 杨金豹(2015).中侏罗世玄武岩孔兴功(2001); Li et al.(2003); Wang et al.(2005)
Fig. 6. Hark diagrams for the mafic dykes from Southwest Fujian
图 7 闽西南基性岩墙稀土元素配分模式图(a)与微量元素蛛网图(b)
球粒陨石与MORB标准化数据、OIB、N-MORB、E-MORB均引自Sun and McDonough(1989); 新生代玄武岩数据引自Zou et al.(2000); Ho et al.(2003); Li et al.(2015); 杨金豹(2015); 中侏罗世玄武岩孔兴功(2001); Li et al.(2003); Wang et al.(2005)
Fig. 7. Chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns (a) and MORB-normalized trace element diagram (b) for the mafic dykes from Southwest Fujian
图 8 闽西南基性岩墙Sr-Nd同位素图
EMⅠ, EMⅡ, DMM, HIMU引自Zindler and Hart(1986); 福建新生代玄武岩引自Zou et al.(2000); Ho et al.(2003); 南岭中侏罗世玄武岩引自孔兴功(2001); Li et al.(2003); Wang et al.(2005); Zhou et al.(2006)
Fig. 8. (87Sr/86Sr)i vs. (143Nd/144Nd)i for the mafic dykes from Southwest Fujian
图 9 闽西南基性岩墙Th/Yb-Ce/Nb和La/Yb-Ti/(Yb×1 000)判别图
PM(原始地幔)、MORB(洋中脊玄武岩)、OIB(洋岛玄武岩) 引自Sun and McDonough(1989); CC(大陆地壳)引自Wedepohl(1995)
Fig. 9. Th/Yb vs.Ce/Nb and La/Yb vs.Ti/(Yb×1 000) discriminant diagrams of the mafic dykes from Southwest Fujian
图 10 闽西南基性岩墙以Nb/Yb为横坐标的相关判别图解
图a、b底图引自Pearce(2008); 图c~h底图引自Green(2006); Maurice et al.(2012)
Fig. 10. Nb/Yb discriminant diagrams for mafic dykes from Southwest Fujian
图 11 闽西南基性岩墙Y/15-La/10-Nb/8(a)、Hf/3-Th-Ta(b)、Th/Zr-Nb/Zr(c)构造判别图解
N-MORB.N型大洋中脊玄武岩; E-MOEB.E型大洋中脊玄武岩; WPA.板内碱性玄武岩; CAB.钙碱性玄武岩; IAB.岛弧拉斑玄武岩; BABB.弧后盆地玄武岩; WPB.板内玄武岩; Ⅰ.N-MORB.Ⅱ1.陆缘岛弧火山岩; Ⅱ2.陆缘火山玄武岩; Ⅲ.大洋板内玄武岩海山玄武岩; Ⅳ1.陆内初始、陆缘裂谷拉斑玄武岩; Ⅳ2.大陆拉张玄武岩; Ⅳ3.大陆碰撞玄武岩区; Ⅴ.地幔热柱玄武岩; 图a底图引自Cabanis and Lecolle(1989); 图b底图引自Wood(1980); 图c底图孙书勤等(2003)
Fig. 11. Y/15-La/10-Nb/8 (a) and Hf/3-Th-Ta (b) and Nb/Zr-Th/Zr (c) tectonic setting discriminants diagrams for mafic dykes from Southwest Fujian
图 12 闽西南基性岩墙形成的大地构造演化模式
Fig. 12. Geotectonic evolution model of mafic dyke formation in Southwest Fujian
表 1 闽西南晚中生代基性岩墙与各端元微量元素浓度比值对比
Table 1. Comparison of trace element ratios for different end-members and the Late Mesozoic mafic dykes from the Southwest Fujian
CC PM N-MORB OIB 大洋沉积物 EPR(E-MORB) 本文 Zr/Nb 10.7 15.7 31.8 5.8 7.07~40.5 (11.5) 1.99~21.6 (5.70) 12.3~16.8 (14.5) La/Nb 1.58 0.96 1.07 0.77 1.81~4.32 (2.63) 0.49~0.95 (0.61) 1.12~1.71 (1.36) Ba/Nb 30.8 9.8 2.7 7.29 10.8~511 (68.2) 4.77~8.57 (6.01) 9.8~41.5 (22.5) Rb/Nb 4.12 0.89 0.24 0.65 4.43~10.5 (7.05) 0.39~0.81 (0.53) 0.87~12.1 (5.31) K/Nb 1 870 351 258 250 1 308~2 866 (1 726) 129~422 (210) 230~1 278 (672) Th/Nb 0.45 0.12 0.052 0.083 0.21~1.44 (0.67) 0.058~0.085 (0.072) 0.15~0.39 (0.24) Th/La 0.28 0.12 0.048 0.11 0.15~0.53 (0.26) 0.069~0.149 (0.12) 0.12~0.23 (0.17) Ba/La 19.5 10.2 2.52 9.46 10.6~141 (25.8) 5.81~12.5 (9.96) 7.44~31.5 (15.9) Ba/Th 68.7 82.2 52.5 87.5 14.8~554 (100) 65.9~131 (83.6) 47.6~198 (90.9) 注: CC (大陆地壳)引自Wedepohl(1995); PM、N-MORB、OIB引自Sun and McDonough(1989); 大洋沉积物引自Plank and Ludden(1992); EPR(东太平洋中脊)引自 Shimizu et al.(2016) ; 括号内为平均值.
中生代以来, 太平洋板块持续向NW俯冲于中国东南部大陆板块之下, 俯冲板片将大洋沉积物带入地幔内, 在地幔中其发生了低度部分熔融作用, 产生的熔体与地幔橄榄岩发生地幔交代作用, 形成具有E-MORB地球化学特征的富集地幔岩(Niu et al., 2002 ), 伴随着软流圈地幔强烈上涌将富集地幔岩携带上升到浅部, 绝热减压发生部分熔融, 形成了具有E-MORB特征的闽西南基性岩墙原始岩浆.
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