Simulation of Cenozoic Basalt Water-Rock Reaction in Jiangling Depression and Its Indications to Genesis of Potassium-Rich Brine
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摘要:
关于江陵凹陷富钾卤水的物质来源和成因机理仍未查明. 对凹陷新生代玄武岩开展矿物学、岩石学、地球化学研究以及水-岩反应模拟实验，重点研究时间、温度、流体成分等对水-岩反应的影响. 结果表明，卤水具有高锂低镁的特征，说明其在成因上受到火山活动的影响；研究区岩浆发生不同程度的分异，玄武岩蚀变作用强烈，表明地下热液的交代作用强烈，玄武岩通过水-岩反应为富钾卤水矿提供了物质来源；温度是流体对元素的淋滤能力的主要控制因素，高盐度流体是各成矿元素主要的迁移载体，水-岩反应是卤水形成的重要过程.
Abstract:The material source and genesis mechanism of the potassium-rich brine in Jiangling Depression have not yet been ascertained. Mineralogical, petrological, geochemical analyses and water-rock reaction simulation experiments on Cenozoic basalts were carried out in Jiangling Depression, focusing on the effects of time, temperature, and fluid composition on the water-rock reaction. The study shows that the brine has the characteristics of high lithium and low magnesium. It shows that the origin of brine was controlled by volcanic activity. The magma in the study area was differentiated to different degrees, and the basalt alteration was strong, indicating that the subsurface hydrothermal fluid had a strong metasomatism on the basalt in the study area. Basalt provided material source for potassium-rich brine ore through water-rock reaction. Temperature is the main controlling factor of the eluvial capacity of the fluid, and the high salinity fluid is the main carrier of the ore-forming elements. Water-rock reaction is an important process of brine formation.
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图 2 江汉盆地及周缘地区新生代玄武岩分布(据Zhou et al., 2006修改)
Fig. 2. Cenozoic basalt distribution of Jianghan Basin and its surrounding areas (modified from Zhou et al., 2006)
图 3 用于水‒岩反应实验的高温高压反应釜
Fig. 3. High temperature and high pressure reaction kettle used in water-rock reaction experiment
图 5 江陵凹陷古近纪玄武岩分布（据王春连等，2021）
Fig. 5. The distribution of the Paleogene volcanic rocks in Jiangling Depression (from Wang et al., 2021)
图 6 江陵凹陷玄武岩野外露头和镜下照片
a.红色气孔杏仁状玄武岩；b.致密块状玄武岩；c.柱状节理玄武岩；d.玄武岩内方解石和石英脉发育；e.间粒结构的玄武岩，橄榄石蚀变强烈，发生绿泥石化和伊丁石化；f.玄武岩主要由斜长石和辉石构成，蚀变相对较弱
Fig. 6. Field outcrops and microscopic photographs of basalt in Jiangling Depression
图 7 江陵凹陷火山岩分类图解
Fig. 7. Classification plots of volcanic rocks in Jiangling Depression
图 8 玄武岩静态浸泡实验K+浓度变化
Fig. 8. Variation diagrams of K+ concentration in basalt static immersion experiment
图 9 玄武岩静态浸泡实验Ca2+浓度变化
Fig. 9. Variation diagrams of Ca2+ concentration in basalt static immersion experiment
图 10 玄武岩静态浸泡实验Mg2+浓度变化
Fig. 10. Variations of Mg2+ concentration in basalt static immersion experiment
图 11 玄武岩静态浸泡实验Sr2+浓度变化
Fig. 11. Variations of Sr2+ concentration in basalt static immersion experiment
图 12 玄武岩静态浸泡实验Br‒浓度变化
Fig. 12. Variations of Br‒ concentration in basalt static immersion experiment
图 13 玄武岩静态浸泡实验I‒浓度变化
Fig. 13. Variations of I‒ concentration in basalt static immersion experiment
图 14 玄武岩静态浸泡实验B‒浓度变化
Fig. 14. Variations of B‒ concentration in basalt static immersion experiment
图 15 玄武岩水‒岩反应离子浓度在不同温度下的变化
反应的流体介质为蒸馏水
Fig. 15. Variations of water-rock reaction ion concentration in basalt at different temperatures
图 16 玄武岩水‒岩反应离子浓度在不同温度下的变化
反应的流体介质为1 mol/L的NaCl溶液
Fig. 16. Variations of water-rock reaction ion concentration in basalt at different temperatures
图 17 水‒岩反应中离子浓度变化
横坐标为T-水/n，其中T为温度，℃；n为NaCl溶液浓度，mg/L
Fig. 17. Variations of ion content in water-rock reaction
表 1 江陵凹陷玄武岩样品基本信息
Table 1. Sampling information of some igneous rocks in Jiangling Depression
样品编号 系 统 组 经纬度 岩石类型 JLY-1 古近系 古新统 沙市组 N27°42.589´E114°19.673´ 玄武岩 JLY-2 古近系 古新统 沙市组 N27°42.083´E114°17.614´ 玄武岩 JLY-3 古近系 古新统 沙市组 N27°40.936´E114°17.253´ 玄武岩 JLY-4 古近系 古新统 沙市组 N27°39.197´E114°31.483´ 玄武岩 JLY-5 古近系 古新统 沙市组 N27°39.197´E114°31.483´ 玄武岩 JLY-6 古近系 古新统 沙市组 N27°31.780´E114°38.375´ 玄武岩 JLY-7 古近系 古新统 沙市组 N27°32.222´E114°37.234´ 玄武岩 JLY-8 古近系 古新统 沙市组 N27°32.222´E114°37.234´ 玄武岩 JLY-9 古近系 古新统 沙市组 N27°36.088´E114°59.241´ 玄武岩 JLY-10 古近系 古新统 沙市组 N27°32.883´E115°50.937´ 玄武岩 
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表 2 江陵凹陷玄武岩岩石含量分析
Table 2. Content analysis of basalt in Jiangling Depression
样品编号 含量（%） SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 TFe2O3 MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 Zr LOI 总量 JLY-1 53.01 1.88 14.71 2.97 0.15 6.09 7.54 3.37 1.02 0.34 147 0.65 100.14 JLY-2 52.49 1.96 14.66 3.19 0.13 6.17 7.46 3.46 1.20 0.37 157 0.76 100.34 JLY-3 52.55 1.94 14.91 3.12 0.14 6.07 7.71 3.44 1.03 0.35 147 0.71 100.23 JLY-4 52.85 1.89 14.71 3.23 0.13 6.17 8.13 3.18 1.05 0.33 152 0.96 100.93 JLY-5 52.16 1.90 14.86 3.05 0.12 6.07 8.25 3.30 1.09 0.35 155 0.76 100.32 JLY-6 52.29 1.96 15.18 3.23 0.13 5.63 8.10 2.98 1.06 0.37 157 1.62 100.60 JLY-7 48.71 1.95 15.35 4.16 0.09 6.26 6.96 2.45 1.21 0.35 152 5.25 100.40 JLY-8 48.88 2.16 15.48 3.24 0.10 4.91 8.55 2.86 1.20 0.50 195 4.60 100.10 JLY-9 49.94 2.06 15.25 3.15 0.08 5.75 7.54 2.76 1.24 0.47 188 4.17 101.40 JLY-10 53.00 1.93 15.05 3.17 0.13 5.80 7.60 3.02 1.05 0.36 149 1.06 100.44
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