Determination and Geological Significance of Beishan Group in Yagan Area, Ejiana, Inner Mongolia
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摘要: 北山岩群是中亚造山带南缘中段明水-旱山地块的主要组成部分，研究其展布特征和形成时代对探讨带内地块前寒武纪基底构造演化、造山增生过程有着十分重要的意义.首次报道了在雅干南部少木尚德地区原划二叠系地层中新识别出的北山岩群的岩石组合、变质变形、剖面特征和碎屑锆石年龄特征，并将其与甘新蒙北山地区的北山岩群进行了对比.在其中的石英岩中运用LA-ICP-MS法获得了2个碎屑锆石年龄，其年龄值介于1 075.7~2 708.1 Ma，多集中在1 100~1 900 Ma，本区的北山岩群最大成岩年龄限定为1 075.7 Ma.根据物源区时代特征对比，珠斯楞-杭乌拉构造带与北山地区微陆块、蒙古地块具有相近的亲缘性，与北山地区微陆块可能源于一个统一陆块.该发现证实了阿拉善北部地区与北山地区具有相同的前寒武纪褶皱基底，间接证明了雅干断裂带与红石山-百合山蛇绿构造混杂岩带在构造分化意义上可对比.Abstract: Beishan Group is the main part of Mingshui-Hanshan block in the middle part of the southern margin of Central Asia orogenic belt, which is of great significance to the study of the tectonic evolution of Precambrian basement and the process of orogenic accretion. In this paper, it reports for the first time the rock association, metamorphic deformation, section characteristics and detrital zircon age of the Beishan Group in the original Permian strata in the Shaomushangde area, southern Yagan, and compares it with the Beishan Group in the Beishan area. Two detrital zircon ages were obtained by LA-ICP-MS in the quartzites. The ages range from 1 075.7 to 2 708.1 Ma, mostly from 1 100 to 1 900 Ma, and the maximum depositional age of Beishan Group in this area is 1 075.7 Ma. The provenance analyses show tectonic affinity among microcontinent of the Beishan orogenic belts and Mongolia block, and may originate from a unified block with Beishan area.The discovery confirms that the northern Alxa area and Beishan area have the same Precambrian folded basement, and indirectly proves that the Yagan tectonic belt and Hongshishan-Baiheshan ophiolite tectonic melange belt are comparable in the sense of tectonic differentiation.
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Key words:
- southern Yagan /
- Beishan Group /
- detrital zircon /
- Meso-Neoproterozoic /
- basement provenance /
- tectonics
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图 1 阿拉善北部位置简图（a）及甘肃内蒙古北山地区和阿拉善北部地区大地构造划分（b）
图a据Xiao et al.（2010）修改，图b据辛后田等（2020）、潘桂棠和肖庆辉（2015）、Chen et al.（2019）、邵和明主编（2001）内蒙古自治区1:150万成矿区带图、原中国人民武装警察部队黄金第二支队(2019)生格嘎顺、霍布哈尔幅1∶5万地质图、原中国人民武装警察部队黄金第二支队（2019）呼仍巴斯克等四幅1∶5万地质图等修改.Ⅰ1.绿条山-圆包山岛弧带；Ⅱ11.白山晚古生代岩浆弧；Ⅱ12.明水-旱山地块；Ⅱ13.公婆泉早古生代岩浆弧；Ⅲ1.敦煌陆块；Ⅰ2.呼仍巴斯克复合岩浆弧；Ⅱ2.辉森乌拉-都热岛弧；Ⅲ2.阿拉善陆块北缘；Ⅳ1(F1).红石山-百合山蛇绿构造混杂岩带；Ⅳ2(F4).牛圈子-洗肠井蛇绿构造混杂岩带；Ⅳ3(F6).恩格尔乌苏蛇绿构造混杂岩带；F2.白梁-三个井构造带；F3.石板井-小黄山构造带；F5.雅干断裂带；F7.星星峡走滑断裂；F8.清河沟走滑断裂；F9.红梁子走滑断裂；F10.弱水断裂; 图 2所示范围即研究区
Fig. 1. Simplified geological map showing the tectonic location of northern Alxa (a) and simplified tectonic division map of the Beishan region and northern Alxa area in Gansu and Inner Mongolia (b)
图 2 雅干南部少木尚德地区地质图（据原中国人民武装警察部队黄金第二支队（2019）霍布哈尔幅1:5万地质图修改）
1.第四系；2.新近系上系统苦泉组；3.上三叠统珊瑚井组；4.中下二叠统金塔组；5.早二叠世双堡塘组；6.下二叠统白山组；7.上石炭统-下二叠统绿条山组；8.新元古界圆藻山群；9.新元古界北山岩群三岩组；10.新元古界北山岩群二岩组；11.新元古界北山岩群一岩组；12.晚三叠世二长花岗岩；13.早二叠世流纹斑岩；14.早二叠世花岗斑岩；15.早二叠世石英闪长岩；16.早二叠世辉石闪长岩；17.早二叠世辉长岩；18.中泥盆世二长花岗岩；19.中泥盆世花岗闪长岩；20.整合或侵入或第四系覆盖接触界线/角度不整合接触界线；21.平行不整合界线/火山喷发不整合界线；22.左行/右行走滑断层；23.正断层/逆断层; 24.拆离断层；25.岩层产状/倒转产状；26.片理/劈理；27.流纹面理/断层面产状；28.剖面位置；29.采样位置
Fig. 2. Geological map of Shaomushangde area in southern Yagan (revised according to 1 : 50 000 geological map of Hobuhal)
图 3 北山岩群野外露头特征及显微镜下特征
a.灰黑色十字堇青红柱片岩野外露头特征，黑色斑点为十字石，白色斑点为红柱石，在片理面上可见高角度拉伸线理发育；b.矽线黑云石英片岩单偏光显微镜下照片（Sil.矽线石，Tou.电气石，Q.石英，Bi.黑云母，Ms.白云母），矽线石和白云母共生显示了低角闪岩相特征；c.灰黑色二长透辉岩与粉色大理岩野外露头照片，可见二长透辉岩中的暗色条带代表的片理（Sn）与两者接触面代表的层理（S0）平行；d.北山岩群三岩组中云母石英片岩和石英岩中发育的平卧褶皱野外露头特征，照片方向西；e.北山岩群二岩组方解大理岩中发育的碳酸盐岩脉形成的鞘褶皱（YZ面）；f. 石英岩（PM27TW35）野外露头照片，次生面理发育，绿色圆点处为采样位置；g. 黑云石英岩（TW8016-1）野外露头照片，可见交面线理发育，绿色圆点处为采样位置；h. PM27TW35正交显微镜下照片（Q.石英；Kfc.钾长石）；i. TW8016-1正交显微镜下照片（Q.石英；Bi.黑云母；Grt.石榴子石）
Fig. 3. Field outcrop characteristics and microscopic characteristics of Beishan Group
图 4 北山岩群实测剖面图
剖面位置见图 2，红星为石英岩（PM27TW35）采样层位，各层岩性内容见文内2.3节剖面描述
Fig. 4. The measured section of Beishan Group
图 5 北山岩群石英岩、黑云石英岩部分锆石阴极发光图像及测点位置年龄
Fig. 5. Cathodoluminescence images of zircons from quartzite and biotite quartzite of Beishan Group and their ages at measuring points
图 6 北山岩群石英岩、黑云石英岩锆石年龄谐和图（a, c）及年龄直方图（b, d）
Fig. 6. Zircon age concordia diagrams (a, c) and age histograms (b, d) of quartzite and biotite quartzite
图 7 雅干南部地区前寒武纪副变质岩年龄频谱（a）与临近地块、板块年龄频谱（b~h）对比图
图a据本文和Chen et al.（2019）；图b和c北山造山带分带以牛圈子-洗肠井以及红石山百合山两条蛇绿构造混杂岩带进行划分，所有数据均为碎屑锆石年龄，图b据Song et al.（2013c）、周海等（2018）、Ao et al.（2016）、徐旭明等（2018）、杨富林等（2016）、范志伟（2015），图c数据据Ao et al.（2016）、Song et al.（2013c）、余吉远等（2018）、程海峰等（2017）、Zheng et al.（2018）等；图d、f和g据Rojas-Agramonte et al.（2011）；图e据张进等（2012）；图h据Wang et al.（2020）
Fig. 7. The age spectrum of Beishan Group in Yagan area (a) comparing with that of adjacent blocks /plates(b-h)
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