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    南海东部次海盆海山链多金属结核(壳)地球化学特征及成因

    周娇 蔡鹏捷 杨楚鹏 李学杰 高红芳 蔡观强 周建厚 杨天邦

    周娇, 蔡鹏捷, 杨楚鹏, 李学杰, 高红芳, 蔡观强, 周建厚, 杨天邦, 2022. 南海东部次海盆海山链多金属结核(壳)地球化学特征及成因. 地球科学, 47(7): 2586-2601. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.093
    引用本文: 周娇, 蔡鹏捷, 杨楚鹏, 李学杰, 高红芳, 蔡观强, 周建厚, 杨天邦, 2022. 南海东部次海盆海山链多金属结核(壳)地球化学特征及成因. 地球科学, 47(7): 2586-2601. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.093
    Zhou Jiao, Cai Pengjie, Yang Chupeng, Li Xuejie, Gao Hongfang, Cai Guanqiang, Zhou Jianhou, Yang Tianbang, 2022. Geochemical Characteristics and Genesis of Polymetallic Nodules (Crusts) in Seamount Chain of Eastern Subbasin, South China Sea. Earth Science, 47(7): 2586-2601. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.093
    Citation: Zhou Jiao, Cai Pengjie, Yang Chupeng, Li Xuejie, Gao Hongfang, Cai Guanqiang, Zhou Jianhou, Yang Tianbang, 2022. Geochemical Characteristics and Genesis of Polymetallic Nodules (Crusts) in Seamount Chain of Eastern Subbasin, South China Sea. Earth Science, 47(7): 2586-2601. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.093

    南海东部次海盆海山链多金属结核(壳)地球化学特征及成因

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.093
    基金项目: 

    南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项 GML2019ZD0201

    南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项 GML2019ZD0106

    中国地质调查局项目 DD20221712

    中国地质调查局项目 DD20160138

    中国地质调查局项目 GZH1212011220117

    中国地质调查局项目 DD20191002

    中国地质调查局项目 DD20190209

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      周娇(1988-),女,硕士,工程师,主要从事海洋区域地质调查与研究. ORCID:0000-0002-7591-5200. E-mail:464946523@qq.com

      通讯作者:

      杨楚鹏, E-mail: gmgs_yang@foxmail.com

    • 中图分类号: P744.3

    Geochemical Characteristics and Genesis of Polymetallic Nodules (Crusts) in Seamount Chain of Eastern Subbasin, South China Sea

    • 摘要: 为了进一步解释南海不同区域内多金属结核(壳)的地球化学特征与成因,对东部次海盆黄岩‒珍贝海山链上新获取的多金属结核(壳)样品进行了X光衍射、X荧光光谱测试、SEM-EDS分析和X Series2 ICP-MS测试,详细分析了样品的矿物组成、地球化学成分特征. 结果表明,矿物组成为水羟锰矿、石英、斜长石等;主要造岩元素中Si、Al含量较高,与陆缘碎屑物影响较大有关;富含Mn、Fe、Co、Ti、Ni、Pb、Sr等多种金属元素,相比南海其他区域,具有中等的Fe、Mn含量特征,地化元素特征与南海西北陆坡发现的铁锰结核(壳)相似;稀土元素具有总量高(平均2 070.01×10-6)的特点,高于南海北部其他样品,与西太平洋结壳稀土含量接近(接近工业品位),指示了重要的稀土资源前景. 结核Be同位素结果指示该区铁锰结核生长时代为1.17~8.51 Ma,形成于晚中新世大量火山喷发之后,因此水成作用是南海东部次海盆海山链结核(壳)的主要控制作用,而陆源物质的输入、火山作用和高压富氢离子海水的浸取作用都为结核(壳)的形成提供了有利的沉积环境.

       

    • 图  1  南海渲晕地形图(a)以及样品位置分布(b)

      图a改自Cao et al.(2017). 图b中S-9取自王贤觉等(1984),9#取自姚伯初等(1994);A、B、C三区参考Zhong et al.(2017)

      Fig.  1.  Colour relief map of the South China Sea (a) and sample location (b)

      图  2  结核和结壳样品

      图a为拖网获得的结壳样品;图b为结核HYD180完整样、横切面和分层取样

      Fig.  2.  Nodule and crust samples

      图  3  结核和结壳的X射线衍射图谱

      a.水钠锰矿;b.水羟锰矿;c.石英;d.斜长石;e.角闪石. counts表示在一步内收集到的光子数量;cps表示每秒收集到的光子个数

      Fig.  3.  Results of X-ray diffraction analysis of nodules and crusts

      图  4  结核HYD180中不同深度10Be比活度变化

      Fig.  4.  Variation of 10Be specific activity at different depths in nodule HYD180

      图  5  结核HYD180中不同深度10Be/9Be变化

      Fig.  5.  Variation of 10Be/9Be ratio at different depths in nodule HYD180

      图  6  研究区铁锰氧化物中元素含量

      黄色A区为南海东北部,蓝色B区代表南海西北区,粉色C区代表南海中央海盆(Zhong et al., 2017);下同

      Fig.  6.  Element contents for ferromanganese oxides in the study area

      图  7  研究区铁锰结核(壳)PAAS标准化微量元素模式

      Fig.  7.  PAAS-normalized trace element pattern of ferromanganese nodules (crusts) of the study area

      图  8  研究区样品中PAAS标准化稀土元素配分曲线

      Fig.  8.  PAAS-normalized REE pattern in the study area from different samples

      图  9  研究区铁锰结核(壳)成因三角图解(a)和大洋铁锰矿床成因分类判别图解(b)

      a. 据Bonatti et al.(1972);b. 据Josso et al.(2017)

      Fig.  9.  Ternary diagram for the genetic classification of oceanic ferromanganese deposits (a) and discrimination diagram for the genetic classification of oceanic ferromanganese deposits (b)

      图  10  研究区铁锰氧化物矿床相关图解

      Bau et al.(2014);SN为标准化后太古代澳大利亚页岩,PAAS据McLennan(1989)

      Fig.  10.  Discrimination graphs of Fe-Mn oxides in the study area

      表  1  东部次海盆海山链结核(壳)站位

      Table  1.   Stations of the nodules (crusts) in the seamount chain of eastern subbasin

      类型 站位号 地貌位置 水深(m) 结壳厚(mm) 基岩 资料来源
      结壳 S-9 海盆平原 4 200 大洋玄武岩 王贤觉等(1984)
      9# 珍贝海山 3 116 15~20 大洋玄武岩 姚伯初等(1994)
      HYD179 黄岩岛基座 3 273 50 玄武岩 本文
      HYD180a 紫贝海山 2 430 10~30,最厚为50 玄武岩
      HYD238 贝壳海山 3 043 15~20 玄武岩
      HYD239 贝壳海山 3 093 10~20,最厚为50 玄武岩
      结核 HYD180 黄岩岛基座 3 439 直径2~5 cm
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  2  研究区海山链结核(壳)常、微量元素分析结果(X荧光光谱仪)

      Table  2.   The analysis result of the common and trace elements in samples of study area

      站位 常量元素(%)
      Na2O MgO Al2O3 SiO2 P2O5 K2O CaO TiO2 Mn Fe Mn/Fe Co Ni Cu
      HYD179 2.65 2.12 6.90 23.58 0.86 0.83 3.01 0.99 14.84 18.89 0.79 0.18 0.29 0.10
      HYD180a 2.60 2.39 5.59 20.94 0.92 0.91 2.65 1.20 15.90 19.60 0.81 0.22 0.32 0.070
      HYD238 2.29 2.02 3.78 17.48 1.01 0.65 2.60 1.02 17.61 21.80 0.81 0.19 0.30 0.10
      HYD180b 3.83 3.88 15.79 33.07 0.66 1.27 6.74 2.32 7.07 12.61 0.56 0.14 0.25 0.087
      HYD180--1 2.11 0.74 7.91 0.28 0.77 2.34 1.00 11.45 13.01 0.88 0.241 0.292 0.093
      HYD180--2 1.84 0.27 0.78 0.28 0.98 2.07 0.88 40.21 17.55 2.29 0.223 0.350 0.106
      HYD180--3 1.94 1.76 10.06 0.23 0.87 2.19 1.09 10.72 12.05 0.89 0.192 0.262 0.084
      站位 微量元素(10-6
      Zn V Sr Zr Ba Pb
      HYD179 584 498 1 065 558 723 2 193
      HYD180a 574 472 1 173 616 779 2 386
      HYD238 621 591 1 311 689 795 2 547
      HYD180b 576 272 828 397 1 403 1 115
      HYD180--1 450 465.31 815.75 411.12 780.00 1 604.63
      HYD180--2 490 498.38 882.69 462.04 860.00 1 667.32
      HYD180--3 450 383.84 806.91 451.70 820.00 1 547.06
      注:HYD180-1、HYD180-2、HYD180-3是同一结核不同层位,HYD180b是块体混合样,与HYD180为同一站位不同样品.
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  3  研究区海山链结核(壳)中稀土元素含量(10-6

      Table  3.   The contents of rare earth elements (10-6) in the seamount chain of study area

      La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Sc Y REE LREE HREE LREE/HREE Ce/Ce* Eu/Eu* YSN/HoSN
      HYD179 221 1 475 54.3 218 50.5 12.7 58.3 8.44 45.4 8.64 23.70 3.32 22.8 3.26 19.1 157 2 381.46 2 031.50 349.96 5.80 3.11 1.09 0.67
      HYD180a 258 1 650 61.5 246 55.1 14.4 64.6 9.22 48.8 9.3 25.9 3.49 24.5 3.40 19.6 169 2 662.81 2 285 377.81 6.05 3.02 1.12 0.67
      HYD238 299 1 553 67 270 59.7 14.9 68.8 9.98 53.4 10.2 28 3.74 26.2 3.56 16.1 174 2 657.58 2 263.6 393.98 5.75 2.53 1.08 0.63
      HYD180b 124 591 28.4 113 23.9 6.56 27.9 3.96 21.7 4.16 11.40 1.49 10.5 1.47 21.7 88 1 079.14 886.86 192.28 4.61 2.30 1.18 0.78
      HYD180-1 171.30 1 234.35 40.15 169.9 38.08 8.81 42.61 5.91 33.71 6.54 17.03 2.46 15.24 2.39 14.47 113.46 1 916.39 1 662.58 253.81 6.55 3.43 1.02 0.64
      HYD180-2 200.61 1 177.3 44.6 191.06 41.86 9.77 46.98 6.65 38.78 7.71 20.11 2.93 18.42 2.92 14.12 132.76 1 956.58 1 665.21 291.37 5.72 2.87 1.03 0.63
      HYD180-3 192.77 1 108.52 41.31 176.06 37.30 8.76 42.86 6.04 35.66 7.11 18.83 2.73 17.25 2.72 13.17 125.05 1 836.13 1 564.73 271.41 5.77 2.86 1.02 0.65
      HYD180-4(核) 50.54 126.53 12.35 38.31 11.32 3.01 11.30 1.70 10.28 2.03 5.14 0.71 4.47 0.64 18.74 47.6 344.66 242.06 102.6 2.36 1.17 1.25 0.86
      HYD180-5(核) 66.98 122.1 16.06 68.19 13.62 3.87 13.54 1.99 11.66 2.29 5.73 0.76 4.46 0.65 30.82 61.73 424.44 290.82 133.63 2.18 0.86 1.34 0.99
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  4  结核HYD180不同深度中10Be/9Be比值和10Be比活度分布

      Table  4.   The distribution of 10Be/9Be ratio and 10Be specific activity at different depths of HYD180

      样品编号 取样深度 平均深度 样品质量 10Be/ 9Be 10Be
      (mm) (mm) (g) (10-12) (108 atom/g)
      HYD180-1 0~2.9 1.45 0.201 6 41.35 77.43
      HYD180-2 2.9~7.6 5.25 0.200 3 29.70 56.03
      HYD180-3 7.6~10.8 9.2 0.206 0 5.82 10.58
      HYD180-4(核) 10.8~20.8 15.8 0.205 0 3.49 6.41
      HYD180-5(核) 20.8~29.3 25.0 0.209 2 3.62 6.87
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  5  结核HYD180生成年代

      Table  5.   Generation ages of sample HYD180

      样品编号 采样深度(mm) 生成年代(Ma B.P.)
      HYD180-1 0~2.9 1.17
      HYD180-2 2.9~7.6 3.10
      HYD180-3 7.6~10.8 4.41
      HYD180-4 10.8~20.84 8.51
      下载: 导出CSV
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