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    东昆仑布尔汗布达早古生代岩浆弧的形成与演化初探

    王秉璋 李积清 付长垒 许海全 李五福

    王秉璋, 李积清, 付长垒, 许海全, 李五福, 2022. 东昆仑布尔汗布达早古生代岩浆弧的形成与演化初探. 地球科学, 47(4): 1253-1270. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.094
    引用本文: 王秉璋, 李积清, 付长垒, 许海全, 李五福, 2022. 东昆仑布尔汗布达早古生代岩浆弧的形成与演化初探. 地球科学, 47(4): 1253-1270. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.094
    Wang Bingzhang, Li Jiqing, Fu Changlei, Xu Haiquan, Li Wufu, 2022. Research on Formation and Evolution of Early Paleozoic Bulhanbuda Arc in East Kunlun Orogen. Earth Science, 47(4): 1253-1270. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.094
    Citation: Wang Bingzhang, Li Jiqing, Fu Changlei, Xu Haiquan, Li Wufu, 2022. Research on Formation and Evolution of Early Paleozoic Bulhanbuda Arc in East Kunlun Orogen. Earth Science, 47(4): 1253-1270. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.094

    东昆仑布尔汗布达早古生代岩浆弧的形成与演化初探

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.094
    基金项目: 

    第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(STEP)项目 2019QZKK0702

    国家自然科学基金项目 41762006

    国家自然科学基金项目 41862011

    青海省地质矿产勘查开发局地质勘查项目 青地矿科[2021]61号

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      王秉璋(1969-),男,博士,正高级工程师,从事区域地质矿产调查.ORCID:0000-0002-0796-2769. E-mail:wbz6901@126.com

    • 中图分类号: P581; P542

    Research on Formation and Evolution of Early Paleozoic Bulhanbuda Arc in East Kunlun Orogen

    • 摘要: 东昆仑布尔汗布达弧位于东昆中断裂南侧,不同于北昆仑晚古生代-中生代岩浆弧,是东昆仑早古生代岩浆岩广泛分布的地区,对研究原特提斯洋俯冲-增生过程具有重要意义.报道了布尔汗布达地区早古生代岩浆岩岩石学、地球化学、锆石U-Pb定年、Lu-Hf和Sr-Nd同位素资料,结合以往研究成果,推断布尔汗布达弧与增生造山作用相关的岩浆活动可以划分为寒武纪(515~482 Ma)、中奥陶世(465~463 Ma)和晚奥陶世-早志留世(454~438 Ma)3期.寒武纪岩浆岩是富铌镁铁-超镁铁质岩和偏铝质中高钾钙碱性闪长岩,中奥陶世为弱过铝质高钾钙碱性二长花岗岩,晚奥陶世岩浆岩主要是弱过铝质中高钾钙碱性花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩,次为中钾钙碱性偏铝质石英闪长岩和拉斑玄武质辉绿岩.3期岩浆活动中酸性侵入岩微量元素组成与弧安山岩(CAA)相似,寒武纪闪长岩Sr/Y比值(22.6~30.0)低,中奥陶世二长花岗岩Sr/Y比值(34.4~37.1)中等,晚奥陶世花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩Sr/Y比值(49.4)较高,并且均富集全岩放射性成因Sr、Nd同位素;寒武纪闪长岩(87Sr/86Sr)i为0.715 1~0.715 7,εNdt)值为-7.4~-7.3;中奥陶世二长花岗岩(87Sr/86Sr)i是0.707 6~0.707 7,εNdt)值是-2.5~-2.4;晚奥陶世花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩(87Sr/86Sr)i是0.705 9~0.706 5,εNdt)值是(-3.3~-1.7),闪长岩(87Sr/86Sr)i是0.706 9~0.708 5,εNdt)值是-6.0~-5.6.锆石Hf同位素组成变化较大,寒武纪闪长岩εHft)为-6.8~-4.4,中奥陶世二长花岗岩εHft)是+0.13~+2.90,晚奥陶世花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩εHft)为-2.7~9.2,闪长岩εHft)为-8.6~-2.1.综上所述,推断布尔汗布达弧是原特提斯洋向南俯冲形成的安第斯型陆缘弧,经历了3个重要的演化阶段,早期(515~482 Ma)俯冲带楔状地幔部分熔融形成基性岩浆,同时诱发古元古代下地壳重熔形成中酸性岩浆;中期(465~463 Ma)幔源基性岩浆底侵,下地壳加厚,地壳部分熔融形成小规模酸性岩浆,晚期(454~438 Ma)幔源基性岩浆底侵、加厚下地壳形成,下地壳部分熔融,形成大规模具有埃达克岩地球化学成分的中酸性岩浆岩.

       

    • 图  1  东昆仑布尔汗布达弧及邻区地质略图

      1.侏罗系;2.三叠系;3.石炭系-二叠系;4.石炭系;5.泥盆系;6.新元古界;7.古中元古界;8.三叠纪中酸性侵入岩;9.志留纪-泥盆纪中酸性侵入岩;10.奥陶纪中酸性侵入岩;11.寒武纪中酸性侵入岩;12.镁铁-超镁铁质杂岩;13.榴辉岩;14.一般断裂;15.区域性断裂及编号;16.同位素年龄采样点和来源;17.河流;18.布尔汗布达弧.Ⅰ.中南祁连地块;Ⅱ.宗务隆山裂谷;Ⅲ.全吉地块;Ⅳ.柴北缘俯冲-碰撞杂岩带;Ⅴ.柴达木地块;Ⅵ1祁漫塔格蛇绿混杂岩带;Ⅵ2.北昆仑岩浆弧;Ⅵ3.东昆仑南坡俯冲增生杂岩带;Ⅵ4.木孜塔格-西大滩-布青山蛇绿混杂岩带;Ⅶ.巴颜喀拉地块;Ⅷ.阿尔金构造带;F1.阿尔金断裂;F2.昆北断裂;F3.昆中断裂;F4.昆南断裂. 图 1a中文献:(1)Zhang et al.(2018);(2)Zhang et al.(2014);(3)刘彬等(2013);(4)Li et al.(2017b);(5)陈有炘等(2013);(6)张亚峰(2010);(7)冯建赟等(2010);(8)桑继镇等(2016);(9)任军虎等(2009);(10)Yang et al.(1996);(11)魏博(2015);(12)Li et al.(2019);(13)祁晓鹏等(2016);(14)Li et al.(2013a);(15)Li et al.(2013b);(16)赵菲菲等(2017);(17)Li et al.(2017a);(18)裴先治等(2018);(19)Li et al.(2014);(20)刘战庆等(2011);(21)Li et al.(2015)

      Fig.  1.  Geological sketch of the Bulhanbuda arc in the East Kunlun orogen and adjacent areas

      图  2  东昆仑布尔汗布达弧智玉岩基地质略图

      1.第四系;2.上三叠统;3.中下三叠统;4.格曲组;5.浩特洛哇组;6.哈拉郭勒组;7.契盖苏组;8.纳赤台群;9.万保沟群;10.古中元古界;11.三叠纪花岗岩;12.志留纪花岗岩;13.晚奥陶世花岗闪长岩;14.晚奥陶世闪长岩;15.晚奥陶世二长花岗岩;16.中奥陶世闪长岩;17.中奥陶世二长花岗岩;18.镁铁-超镁铁质岩;19.角度不整合地质界线;20.区域断裂和编号;21.一般断裂;22.同位素年龄采样点和来源:(1)Dong et al., 2018b;(2)陈加杰等,2016;(3)Zhou et al., 2016;①陕西省核工业地质调查院, 2016, 青海省都兰县尕日当地区I47E002011、I47E003011、I47E004011、I47E004012四幅1∶50 000区域地质调查报告

      Fig.  2.  Geological sketch of the Zhiyu batholit of Bulhanbuda arc in the East Kunlun orogen

      图  3  布尔汗布达弧侵入岩野外和镜下照片

      a.可可沙闪长岩中的暗色包体;b.可可沙闪长岩的片麻状构造;c.可可沙闪长岩显微照片(正交偏光);d.中奥陶世二长花岗岩面貌;e.中奥陶世二长花岗岩显微照片(单偏光);f.晚奥陶世花岗闪长岩露头

      Fig.  3.  Field photographs and photomicrographs of the plutonic rocks in Bulhanbuda arc

      图  4  锆石U-Pb年龄和阴极发光图

      实线圆圈代表U-Pb分析点;虚线圆圈代表Hf分析点

      Fig.  4.  Cathodoluminescence images and zircon U-Pb ages

      图  5  布尔汗布达弧中酸性侵入岩地球化学判别图

      a.硅碱图;b.SiO2-K2O图;c.ANK-A/CNK图解.1.寒武纪闪长岩(2020XKK1-1、2、3);2.寒武纪闪长岩(据张亚峰,2010);3.中奥陶世二长花岗岩(GL05GS1-1、2、3、4);4.晚奥陶世花岗闪长岩(GL06GS1-1、2、3、4);5.晚奥陶世花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩(据陈加杰等,2016Zhou et al., 2016Dong et al., 2018b);6. 晚奥陶世闪长岩(据Dong et al., 2018b);(1)橄榄辉长岩;(2a)碱性辉长岩;(2b)亚碱性辉长岩;(3)辉长闪长岩;(4)闪长岩;(5)花岗闪长岩;(6)花岗岩;(7)硅英岩;(8)二长辉长岩;(9)二长闪长岩;(10)二长岩;(11)石英二长岩;(12)正长岩;(13)副长石辉长岩;(14)副长石二长闪长岩;(15)副长石二长正长岩

      Fig.  5.  Geochemical discrimination diagrams for the intermediate-acid intrusive rocks in Bulhanbuda arc

      图  6  布尔汗布达弧中酸性侵入岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化图解及微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图

      球粒陨石和原始地幔标准化数据据文献Sun and McDonough(1989)

      Fig.  6.  Chondrite-normalized REE patterns and primitive mantle-normalized trace elements spider diagrams for the intermediate-acid intrusive rocks in Bulhanbuda arc

      图  7  布尔汗布达弧及邻区早古生代岩浆活动时空分布

      (1)东昆中断裂带内的蛇绿岩(Yang et al., 1996魏博,2015祁晓鹏等,2016Dong et al., 2018bLi et al., 2017a, 2019);(2)清水泉辉绿岩和辉长岩(任军虎等,2009桑继镇等,2016);(3)可可沙闪长岩(张亚峰,2010;本文);(4)可可沙镁铁-超镁铁质杂岩(冯建赟等,2010Li et al., 2013b);(5)中奥陶世二长花岗岩(本文);(6)晚奥陶世花岗岩(陈加杰等,2016Zhou et al., 2016Dong et al., 2018b;本文);(7)胡晓钦辉绿岩体(刘彬等,2013);(8)早中志留世“A”型花岗岩和高钾钙碱性花岗岩(Li et al. 2013aDong et al., 2018b),(9~10)马尼特花岗闪长岩(赵菲菲等,2017Li et al., 2017b);(11)白日切特花岗岩(Li et al., 2014);(12)亿科哈拉花岗岩(Li et al., 2015

      Fig.  7.  Spatio-temporal map of the Bulhanbuda arc and adjacent areas

      图  8  布尔汗布达弧中酸性侵入岩哈克图解

      图例同图 5

      Fig.  8.  Hacker diagrams for the intermediate-acid intrusive rocks in Bulhanbuda arc

      图  9  布尔汗布达弧中酸性侵入岩εNd(t)-(87Sr/86Sr)i(a)和εHf(t)-t(b)图解

      (1)刘彬等;(2)Dong et al.(2018b);(3)Dong et al.(2018b);(4)Zhou et al.(2016);(5)GL06GS1-1;(6)Dong et al.(2018b);(7)陈加杰等(2016);(8)GL05 GS1-1;(9)2020XKK1

      Fig.  9.  εNd(t)-(87Sr/86Sr)i (a) and εHf(t)-t (b) diagram for the intermediate-acid intrusive rocks in Bulhanbuda arc

      图  10  布尔汗布达弧中酸性侵入岩源岩组成判别图解(a)、Th-Th/V图解(b)和Th/Zr-Th图解(c)

      图a据Sylvester(1998);图b,c据Schiano et al.(2010);图例同图 5

      Fig.  10.  Diagrams to discriminate the composition of source rocks(a), Th-Th/V(b)and Th-Th/V(c) for the intermediate-acid intrusive rocks in Bulhanbuda arc

      图  11  布尔汗布达弧中酸性侵入岩Sr/Y-Y(a)和(La/Yb)N-(Yb)N(b)图解

      图例同图 5

      Fig.  11.  Diagrams for Sr/Y-Y (a) and (La/Yb)N-(Yb)N (b)

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