Late Pleistocene Paleoseismic Events Recorded by Glacial Erosive Lake in the Litang Plateau, Western Sichuan
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摘要: 湖相沉积具有高分辨率的沉积记录，而更新世以来的冰水湖泊可以记录冰期与间冰期的地质事件，具有重要的地质意义. 川西高原地处青藏高原东南缘，是中国地势变化最为显著的过渡地带，发育较为完整的冰川地貌.川西理塘高原毛垭盆地发育由冰川堰塞湖形成的连续稳定的16 m湖相剖面，为纹层状泥与粉砂互层，在下部层位（深度约12.68 m和13.26 m）发现了由地震触发的软沉积物变形构造，其形态特征主要表现为液化卷曲、球‒枕构造、液化底劈和层间滑动褶皱变形，通过放射性同位素AMS 14C测年得到两期软沉积物变形事件的年龄为33 850~33 110、37 254~36 042 cal. BP. 指示该地区在±37~33 ka期间至少发生过两期古地震事件：早期发生在37~36 ka之前，震级大于7级，晚期则发生于33 ka之后，震级6~7级左右.Abstract: Glacial lacustrine deposit has high-resolution sedimentary records, which has great geological significance. The Quaternary glacial and interglacial events can be recorded by the lacustrine deposit. The Litang Plateau, located in the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, is the transition zone with the most significant terrain changes in China, and it has well developed glacial landform. A continuous 16 m-thick lacustrine section is measured in the Maoya Basin, western side of the Litang Plateau, which is formed in a glacial-dammed lake. It is composed of laminated mud and silty sand layers, and the soft-sediment deformation structures at the depth ranging from 12.68 to13.26 m were triggered by earthquake events. The main structures of the pliable sediment deformation include liquefied curling deformed layer, ball-pillow structure, liquefied diapir and interlayer slipping fold deformation, morphologically. Based on the AMS 14C radionuclide dating, the age interval is obtained at 33 850-33 110 cal. BP and 37 254-36 042 cal. BP. It indicates that at least two paleoseismic events occurred in this area during ± 37-33 ka. The earlier event occurred before 37-36 ka with magnitude above 7, and the later event occurred after 33 ka, with magnitude of around 6-7.
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图 1 理塘地区新生代盆地和断裂分布
F1.措普断裂；F2.毛垭坝北缘断裂；F3.毛垭坝南缘断裂；F4.理塘断裂；F5.南理塘断裂；F6.德巫断裂；F7.南甲洼断裂；1.走滑断层；2.第四纪断层陡坎；3.研究剖面点位；4.软沉积物变形对比点；5.城镇；6.新生代盆地；①.措普盆地；②.小毛垭盆地；③.大毛垭盆地；④.理塘盆地；⑤.甲洼盆地
Fig. 1. Cenozoic basin and fault distribution map in Litang
图 2 理塘毛垭盆地冰蚀湖相剖面柱状图
Fig. 2. Lacustrine section of the glacial erosive lake in the Maoya basin, Litang
图 3 23~26层粒度频率曲线（a）、新磨村湖相剖面（b）和范家坪黄土剖面（c）
Fig. 3. Particle size frequency curves for layers 23~26 (a), Xinmocun lacustrine profile (b) and Fanjiaping loess profile (c)
图 4 理塘毛垭盆地冰蚀湖相剖面地质事件层平均粒径以及各组分含量变化
Fig. 4. Mean grain size and variation in component content of geological event layer in lacustrine section in the Maoya basin, Litang
图 5 理塘毛垭盆地冰蚀湖相剖面层间滑动褶皱变形
Fig. 5. Interlayer slipping fold deformation in lacustrine section in the Maoya basin, Litang
图 6 理塘毛垭盆地冰蚀湖相剖面液化卷曲（a~c）、球‒枕构造（d）和液化底劈（e）
Fig. 6. Liquefied crinkled deformation (a‒c) ball-pillow structures (d) and liquefied diaper (e) in lacustrine section in the Maoya basin, Litang
表 1 理塘毛垭盆地冰蚀湖含有机碳泥的AMS 14C测年结果
Table 1. Results of AMS 14C dating data of the organic carbon mud from the glacial erosive lake in the Maoya basin, Litang
实验室编号 野外编号 深度(m) 14C年龄(a BP) 校正后的日历年龄(cal. BP)2σ（95.4%） Beta-563214 PM102-3.3 12.95 29 290±150 33 850~33 110 Beta-563215 PM102-3.7 13.35 32 620±200 37 254~36 042 
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