Failure Modes and Dynamic Characteristics of the Landslide Dams in Strong Earthquake Area
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摘要: 强震触发的大量崩塌滑坡所形成的松散固体物质堆积于泥石流沟道，容易形成天然堰塞体，在强降雨和上游流体的冲蚀下极易失稳形成溃决型泥石流.采用自制泥石流试验水槽，通过控制坝体颗粒组成和水动力条件，实施了12组堰塞体失稳模拟试验，获取了堰塞体的破坏过程、溃口流量和相关力学参数的演化特征. 将堰塞体划分为漫顶破坏、滑面破坏、管涌破坏3种不同失稳模式，并结合堰塞体的颗粒组成结构分析了失稳机理及特征，通过动力学过程分析分别建立了不同失稳模式下的堰塞体稳定性判别式. 研究成果对于溃决型泥石流防治工程的规划设计以及提高泥石流防灾减灾水平具有重要意义.Abstract: The loose solid materials generated by a large amount of landslides triggered by meizoseismal area fill up the valley or river, which is easy to form a landslide dam. It breaks out and forms outburst debris flow under heavy rainfall and the scouring action of rainfall-runoff. In this study, 12 experiments were designed using the self-made flume to reproduce the failure process of landslide dams with different grain size distributions and hydrodynamic conditions. The failure process, breach discharge, and mechanical parameters are carried out. The landslide dams are divided into three instability modes: overtopping, sliding, and piping. The formation reasons of these three types of dam failure mode are analyzed combined with the grain size distributions of the landslide dams. Based on the dynamic characteristics, landslide dams' stability under different failure modes is established The research results are of great significance for the planning and designing prevention and control projects of the dam-break debris flow and improving the level of debris flow disaster prevention and mitigation.
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Key words:
- landslide dam /
- failure mode /
- dynamic characteristic /
- critical condition /
- landslides
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图 4 漫顶破坏过程及示意图(D组)
Fig. 4. Experimental process of the landslide dam failure due to overtopping inexperment D
图 5 漫顶破坏下的含水率及流量变化曲线图(D组)
a. 含水率变化曲线；b. 溃口流量变化曲线
Fig. 5. Variation of water content and discharge of the landslide dam failure due to overtopping inexperment D
图 6 滑面破坏过程及示意图（F组）
Fig. 6. Experimental process of the landslide dam failure due to sliding inexperment F
图 7 滑面破坏下的含水率及流量变化曲线图(F组)
a. 含水率变化曲线；b. 溃口流量变化曲线
Fig. 7. Variation of water content and discharge of the landslide dam failure due to sliding inexperment F
图 8 管涌模式破坏过程及示意图(K组)
Fig. 8. Experimental process of the landslide dam failure due to piping inexperment K
图 9 管涌破坏下的含水率及流量变化曲线图(K组)
a. 含水率变化曲线；b. 溃口流量变化曲线
Fig. 9. Variation of water content and discharge of the landslide dam failure due to piping inexperment K
表 1 堰塞体失稳模型实验参数表
Table 1. Experimental parameters of landslide dams
试验编号 坝高（cm） 坝长（cm） D50（mm） CU 水槽坡度（°） A 20 80 1.5 13.3 5 B 20 80 1.5 13.3 7 C 20 80 1.5 13.3 9 D 20 80 1.5 13.3 11 E 20 80 1.5 13.3 13 F 20 80 1.5 13.3 15 G 20 80 1.5 13.3 17 H 20 80 1.0 16.7 11 I 20 80 2.5 23.4 11 J 20 80 3.3 17.2 11 K 20 80 4.3 23.6 11 L 20 80 6.5 16.0 11 
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