Ore-Forming Ion Migration Regularity and Metallogenic Model of Nitrate Deposits in Kumishi Basin, Xinjiang
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摘要:
为了深入认识库米什盆地硝酸盐矿床成矿离子的空间分布特征、表层沉积物中硝酸盐含量较高的原因，以盆地硝酸盐矿床为研究对象，开展研究区内各类补给水样和沉积物样可溶性盐类物质化学组成的定量分析研究；结合野外地质踏勘工作，探讨研究区硝酸盐矿床成矿离子的迁移规律，初步建立盆地硝酸盐矿床沉积成矿作用模型. 结果表明，K+、Na+、NO3-等成矿离子自北西部和南东部双向朝盆地中部迁移富集；这些成矿离子的含量在盆地北东部冲洪积扇区沿着基岩区-扇根-扇中-扇缘的方向逐渐增高，在扇缘的表层沉积物内含量较高；在垂向剖面上，K+、Na+、NO3-等成矿离子主要富集于0~60 cm的深度范围内，受毛细作用的影响，具有自深部向表层沉积物内迁移富集的规律.
Abstract:In order to understand the spatial distribution characteristics of ore-forming ions and the reason for high nitrate content in surface sediments of nitrate deposits in Kumishi Basin. In this study it focuses on the nitrate deposits in the basin, and a quantitative analysis of the chemical composition of soluble salts in various make-up water samples and soil samples was carried out in the study area. Combined with field geological exploration work, the migration regularity of ore-forming ions in nitrate deposits is discussed. Besides, a model of sedimentary mineralization of nitrate deposits in the basin was established. The results show that ore-forming ions such as K+, Na+, and NO3- migrate and enrich from northwest and southeast toward the middle of the basin. The concentrations of K+, Na+, NO3- and other ore-forming ions gradually increase along the direction of the bedrock area-fan root-middle fan-fan margin in the diluvial fan in the northeast of the basin, and enrichment occurs in the surface sediments at the fan margin. In the vertical profiles, K+, Na+, NO3- and other ore-forming ions mainly show migration and enrichment in the depth range of 0-60 cm. Under the influence of capillarity, they migrated and enriched from deep to surface sediments.
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图 2 库米什盆地北西部‒南东部水样离子含量变化
Fig. 2. Variations of ion contents in water samples from northwest to southeast of Kumishi Basin
图 3 库米什盆地北西部‒南东部沉积物样离子含量变化
Fig. 3. Variations of ion contents in sediment samples from northwest to southeast of Kumishi Basin
图 4 库米什盆地北东部‒沉积中心沉积物样离子含量变化
Fig. 4. Changes of ion contents in sediment samples in the northeast-subsidence center of Kumishi Basin
图 5 库米什盆地垂向剖面沉积物的离子含量变化
Fig. 5. Variations of ion concentrations in sediments of vertical profiles in Kumishi Basin
图 7 盐湖区盐壳（a）和扇中沉积剖面照片（b）
Fig. 7. Lake salt crust (a) and sedimentary profile in the mid-fan (b)
图 8 库米什盆地垂向剖面沉积物岩相特征
Fig. 8. Characteristics of sedimentary lithofacies in vertical section of Kumishi Basin
图 9 库米什盆地硝酸盐矿床沉积成矿作用模型
Fig. 9. Sedimentary mineralization model of nitrate deposits in Kumishi Basin
表 1 北西部-中部水样主要化学组分测试结果（mg/L）
Table 1. Test results of main chemical components in water samples from northwest to central (mg/L)
区域 野外
编号室内
编号K+ Na+ Ca2+ Mg2+ NO3‒ Cl‒ SO42‒ CO32‒ HCO3‒ TDS 北西部 KMSW‒86‒1 Y‒1 9.43 104.88 102.48 37.48 20.08 255.01 373.37 17.08 238.08 1 160 JS‒2 Y‒2 7.57 274.02 129.62 35.94 23.93 307.08 499.83 ‒ 149.88 1 430 JS‒1 Y‒3 11.07 588.84 207.53 77.57 38.17 894.25 788.31 ‒ 59.41 3 480 中部 XERL‒3‒1 Y‒4 226.30 8 300.77 604.80 446.60 31.41 10 962.46 5 828.50 ‒ 181.42 26 580 XERL‒3‒2 Y‒5 19.25 484.36 89.58 53.53 40.78 628.00 541.10 ‒ 87.74 1 940 WZL‒5 Y‒6 1 290.00 122 373.27 249.30 2 864.00 1 677.00 178 311.61 26 010.00 ‒ 104.82 332 880 WYL‒4 Y‒7 4 684.00 114 490.02 257.30 7 524.00 6 036.00 179 594.43 27 040.00 ‒ 125.28 339 750 WYL‒1 Y‒8 3 912.00 118 099.70 386.10 3 355.00 5 267.00 181 390.37 15 730.00 ‒ 37.59 328 180 WYL‒10 Y‒9 3 365.00 114 190.26 360.10 6 088.00 4 116.00 182 801.47 16 500.00 ‒ 108.58 327 530 注：Y-1~Y-3、Y-4、Y-9的数据来源于李长忠等（2021）. 
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表 2 北西部‒南东部沉积物样主要化学组分测试结果（%）
Table 2. Results of major chemical compositions of sediment samples from northwest to southeast (%)
采样区域 野外编号 室内编号 K+ Na+ Ca2+ Mg2+ NO3‒ Cl‒ SO42‒ 北西部 KMSW‒92‒1 Y‒10 0.035 0.00 0.04 0.019 4 0.001 3 0.019 0.12 KMSW‒82 Y‒11 0.008 0.00 0.03 0.003 1 0.158 2 0.017 0.05 KMSW‒68 Y‒12 0.018 0.13 0.15 0.022 1 0.002 2 0.416 0.14 中部 KMSS‒1 Y‒13 0.032 22.12 0.33 0.009 4 0.085 0 33.242 2.02 WZS‒6‒3 Y‒14 0.870 16.43 2.55 0.596 4 2.010 0 26.404 8.07 WYS‒5 Y‒15 0.057 38.24 0.13 0.062 4 0.045 0 58.502 1.22 WY‒53 Y‒16 0.390 3.30 1.35 0.068 6 0.000 2 4.667 4.07 南东部 WY‒63‒1 Y‒17 0.019 0.19 0.75 0.006 7 0.000 1 0.208 1.94 WY‒65‒1 Y‒18 0.014 0.04 0.16 0.004 9 0.012 3 0.049 0.43 注：Y-10、Y-13~Y-18的数据来源于李长忠等（2021）.
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表 3 北东部冲积扇沉积物样化学组分测试结果（%）
Table 3. Test results of chemical components of alluvial fan sediment samples in northeastern Kumishi Basin (%)
野外编号 室内编号 海拔(m) K+ Na+ Ca2+ Mg2+ NO3‒ Cl‒ SO42‒ 分层深度(cm) 环境 WB‒16‒3 Y‒19 1 338 0.241 1.11 0.33 0.033 0.000 1.31 1.45 0.0~27.0 基岩区 Y‒20 0.028 0.28 0.48 0.011 0.110 0.27 1.44 27.0~35.0 Y‒21 0.030 0.27 0.13 0.016 0.070 0.29 0.55 35.0~70.0 WB‒16‒1 Y‒22 874 0.046 1.37 0.40 0.008 0.177 2.12 0.96 0.0~6.0 扇根 Y‒23 0.040 1.69 2.20 0.006 0.101 1.09 7.33 6.0~18.0 Y‒24 0.019 1.22 2.79 0.006 0.022 0.88 8.06 18.0~35.0 Y‒25 0.018 1.61 2.48 0.006 0.031 1.07 7.86 35.0~60.0 WB‒17 Y‒26 739 0.035 0.26 0.40 0.013 0.096 0.34 1.07 0.0~12.0 扇中 Y‒27 0.024 0.00 2.53 0.008 0.022 0.10 5.84 12.0~30.0 Y‒28 0.010 0.00 2.89 0.005 0.010 0.04 6.68 30.0~45.0 Y‒29 0.010 0.00 2.98 0.007 0.009 0.05 6.76 45.0~65.0 WB‒18 Y‒30 718 0.072 1.65 1.34 0.042 0.064 2.60 3.31 0.0~32.0 扇缘 Y‒31 0.009 0.19 0.81 0.009 0.010 0.31 1.95 32.0~64.0 Y‒32 0.004 0.02 0.43 0.008 0.005 0.06 1.01 64.0~95.0 Y‒33 0.003 0.02 0.37 0.008 0.002 0.05 0.88 95.0~126.0 Y‒34 0.003 0.07 0.41 0.010 0.009 0.13 1.01 126.0~157.0
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表 4 库米什盆地垂向土壤剖面沉积物中主要化学组分测试结果（%）
Table 4. Test results of main chemical components of vertical soil samples in Kumishi Basin(%)
野外编号 室内编号 K+ Na+ Ca2+ Mg2+ NO3‒ Cl‒ SO42‒ 分层深度(m) WY‒58 Y‒35 0.423 10.539 1.086 0.029 7 0.002 113 12.903 7.244 0.0~13.0 Y‒37 0.039 5.082 0.649 0.005 7 0.000 187 7.058 2.627 13.0~25.0 Y‒38 0.037 6.941 0.492 0.004 8 0.000 188 10.604 1.327 25.0~37.0 Y‒39 0.028 1.318 0.380 0.009 2 0.000 166 1.843 1.202 37.0~58.0 Y‒36 0.031 1.292 0.483 0.009 9 0.000 129 1.822 1.424 58.0~79.0 Y‒40 0.034 1.213 0.502 0.011 9 0.000 140 1.688 1.497 79.0~100.0
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