Characteristics of Microbial Community Composition and Environmental Response in Deep Fluorinated Groundwater
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摘要: 在特殊地质体中开展地质微生物研究具有重要价值，但在深层含氟地下水环境中开展的相关研究尚有不足.为此，选取衡水市桃城区第三含水组并采集地下水水源井样品9个，进行了水化学分析和微生物16s RNA基因V4-V5区域测序.结果表明，研究区深层地下水偏碱性，TDS相对偏低，F‒的平均含量为1.01 mg/L，水化学类型整体表现为Cl·SO4-Na与HCO3·Cl·SO4-Na型. F‒含量对地下水微生物的丰度与多样性影响较为明显，高氟与低氟地下水特有菌属数量分别为39个和126个.地下水在门水平上以变形菌门（Proteobacteria）最为优势（47.67%~76.96%），属水平类群分散度较高，无明显优势菌属.整体上看，研究区地下水中菌群的组成对水化学过程响应灵敏且关系密切，NO3‒、F‒、DO与取样深度是影响微生物组成结构的主要因子，其中DO也是研究区地下水微生物丰度水平的重要保障.Abstract: Conducting microbiological research in unique geological formations is of significant value, yet related studies within deep fluorine-rich groundwater environments remain insufficient. To dress this gap, 9 groundwater source well samples were collected from the 3rd hydrous group of Taocheng District of Hengshui City, China, and the water chemistry analysis and microbial 16S RNA gene V4-V5 region sequencing were performed. The results showed that the deep groundwater in the studied area was slightly alkaline with relatively low TDS and the average content of F‒ was 1.01 mg/L. The overall water chemistry types were characterized as Cl·SO4-Na and HCO3·Cl·SO4-Na types. The influence of F‒ content on the abundance and diversity of groundwater microorganisms was obvious, with 39 and 126 genera unique to high vs. low fluoride groundwater, respectively. Groundwater was dominated by Proteobacteria at the phylum level (47.67%-76.96%), with a high dispersion of taxa at the genus level and no obvious dominant genera. On the whole, the composition of the bacteria in groundwater of the study area is sensitive and strongly correlates with water chemical processes. NO3‒, F‒, DO and sampling depth are predominantly influence microbial composition, and DO also critically supports the microbial abundance levels in groundwater in the study area.
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Key words:
- deep groundwater /
- microbial /
- biochemistry /
- environmental response characteristics /
- groundwater
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图 2 研究区地质剖面与水文特征
Fig. 2. Geological profile and hydrological characteristics of the study area
图 5 地下水微生物群落Alpha指数箱形图
Fig. 5. Box chart of Alpha index of groundwater microbial community
图 6 地下水中微生物门水平与属水平群落组成
Fig. 6. The phylum and genus composition of the groundwater microbial community
图 12 水文特征因子和菌门关系RDA分析
Fig. 12. RDA analysis of hydrological feature factors and bacterial phyla relationships
图 13 水化学特征因子和菌门关系RDA分析
Fig. 13. RDA analysis of hydrochemical feature factors and bacterial phyla relationships
表 1 桃城区深层地下水主要离子含量
Table 1. Main ion contents of deep groundwater in Taocheng District
参数 pH TDS SO42‒ Cl‒ Na+ NO2‒ NO3‒ F‒ HF
(m(F‒)≥1 mg/L，n=5)平均值 8.22 769 159 170 218 0 0.004 1.23 MAX 8.44 957 178 229 346 0 0.020 1.43 MIN 8.04 704 140 110 167 0 0 1.01 LF
(m(F‒) < 1 mg/L，n=4)平均值 8.40 686 125 168 190 0.011 0.525 0.73 MAX 8.47 774 132 242 195 0.017 1.129 0.91 MIN 8.34 628 120 118 178 0.003 0.135 0.57 注：离子参数单位mg/L. 
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表 2 地下水微生物群落Alpha多样性指数
Table 2. The Alpha diversity index of groundwater microbial community from different sampling sites
Group Sample Chao1 Shannon Simpson Observed_species Faith_pd Pielou_e Goods_coverage HF HS09 1 623.24 6.380 5 0.894 2 1 471.0 154.797 0.606 4 0.993 5 HS12 2 474.28 7.450 3 0.956 4 2 302.8 209.532 0.667 0 0.990 5 HS16 3 139.96 8.589 3 0.984 1 2 915.5 218.806 0.746 3 0.987 3 HS17 2 038.18 6.654 4 0.904 4 1 884.8 194.692 0.611 6 0.992 2 HS21 2 551.76 7.577 4 0.973 1 2 274.1 229.814 0.679 5 0.988 5 平均值 2 365.48 7.330 4 0.942 4 2 169.6 201.528 0.662 2 0.990 4 LF HS02 4 038.76 9.419 1 0.989 7 3 732.8 301.134 0.793 8 0.983 3 HS05 2 318.09 7.696 9 0.960 3 2 109.6 220.819 0.697 0 0.990 3 HS06 2 447.25 7.377 2 0.953 7 2 193.8 211.421 0.664 7 0.989 3 HS07 3 646.16 9.339 1 0.993 9 3 225.0 313.258 0.801 3 0.983 4 平均值 3 112.57 8.458 1 0.974 4 2 815.3 261.658 0.739 2 0.986 6
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