Relationship between Lakes' Hydrochemical Types and Tufa Deposition in Badain Jaran Desert
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摘要: 为查明巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊类型与钙华沉积关系，探索钙华沉积与水循环过程.通过分析钙华分布、湖泊与地下水离子组成、水化学类型、矿物饱和指数(SI)开展研究.结果显示：钙华湖泊约占湖泊总数的1/5，这些湖泊在空间分布上未表现出明显规律性；湖泊水化学类型共18种，主要包括Cl-Na型(43%)、Cl-CO3-Na型(14%)、Cl-SO4-Na型(14%)，钙华湖泊未表现出类型的特殊性.结合钙华测年及古气候成果分析，钙华是在晚全新世干旱气候背景下，蒸发浓缩导致湖水体积减小，同时持续接受地下水补给，湖水与地下水发生混合作用下产生的化学沉积；地下水化学成分的差异导致不同湖泊钙华沉积规模、位置的差异；具有较低方解石、白云石SI的地下水更有利于与湖水混合沉积钙华，该类地下水主要源于蒸发岩的风化溶解.Abstract: In order to find out the relationship between lake types and tufa deposition in Badain Jaran desert and explore the tufa deposition and water cycle process, in this paper it studies the relationship between ion composition, hydrochemical types and mineral saturation index (SI) of lake water and groundwater. The results show that the distribution of tufa lake accounts for about 1/5 of the total number of lakes, and these lakes have no obvious regularity in spatial distribution. There are 18 types of lake water chemistry, including Cl-Na type, Cl-CO3-Na type and Cl-SO4-Na type, and the distribution of lakes with tufa does not show the particularity of the type. The analysis of the tufa dating and paleoclimate records proves that tufa was a kind of chemical deposition under the Late Holocene arid climate background, which was caused by the evaporation and concentration of the lake water, and at the same time continuously receiving groundwater recharge and mixing with the lake water. The difference of chemical composition of groundwater leads to the difference of scale and location of tufa deposition in different lakes. The groundwater with lower SI of calcite and dolomite is more favorable to the mixed deposition of tufa with lake water, which type of groundwater is mainly derived from the weathering and dissolution of evaporite.
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Key words:
- salt lake /
- hydrochemical type of lake /
- groundwater /
- tufa /
- Badain Jaran Desert /
- hydrogeology
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图 2 巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊类型冲积
Fig. 2. Alluvial map of lakes' hydrochemical types in Badain Jaran Desert
图 3 巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊水化学特征
a.不同湖区TDS箱式图；b.湖泊类型—TDS统计图
Fig. 3. Hydrochemical characteristics of lakes in Badain Jaran desert
图 5 湖泊水化学组分相关系数矩阵
Fig. 5. Correlation coefficient matrix of hydrochemical components of lakes
图 6 湖泊水化学离子关系
Fig. 6. Ion relationship of lake water
a. TDS-pH; b. TDS-Cl-; c. TDS-Ca2+; d. TDS-Mg2+; e. TDS-CO32-; f. TDS-HCO3-
图 7 湖水矿物饱和指数(SI)分析
Fig. 7. Mineral saturation index (SI) of lake water
a.TDS-(Ca2++Mg2+); b.TDS-SI
图 8 湖水与周边地下水矿物饱和指数(SI)
Fig. 8. Mineral saturation index (SI) of lake water and surrounding groundwater
图 10 湖泊周边地下水n (Na+)的标准化比值混合图解
Fig. 10. Mixing diagrams using Na-normalized molar ratios of groundwater
表 1 文献中钙华分布湖泊统计
Table 1. Statistical lakes of tufa distribution from references
钙华分布湖泊 参考文献 东诺尔图、苏木巴润吉林、伊和吉格德 陈建生等(2004) 乌尔塔布拉格、巴彦淖尔、苏木巴润吉林、诺尔图 Dong et al.(2016) 东诺尔图 Wu et al.(2014) 东诺尔图、伊和吉格德、音德日图 Chen et al.(2006) 敦德吉林 Yang et al.(2010) 格日图、木日图、西诺尔图、道仑那马格、西巴彦淖尔、哈布特诺尔、梧桐图、大古海子、芨芨草海子 Wang et al.(2016) 
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