Genesis and Geological Significance of Granitic Mylonites in Southern Zhalantun, Central Xing'an Range
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摘要: 大兴安岭扎兰屯南部位于中亚造山带东段，兴安地块（XB）与松嫩地块（SB）之间，是探究兴安地块与松嫩地块构造演化过程，乃至中亚造山带东段微地块聚合过程的关键地区. 对该地区出露的花岗质糜棱岩进行地质学、地球化学、锆石U-Pb测年分析，以期查明板块俯冲过程中的岩浆作用特征，并尝试限定兴安地块与松嫩地块碰撞拼合时间.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明，花岗质糜棱岩分为两期：Ⅰ期为早泥盆世（~398.8 Ma），Ⅱ期为晚泥盆世末‒早石炭世（351.6~365.7 Ma）. 两期岩石均具有高SiO2（68.20%~77.90%），富碱（K2O+Na2O=6.32%~9.67%），贫镁（MgO=0.22%~0.97%），偏铝质，高钾钙碱性系列的特征. 稀土元素分布模式均为右倾[（La/Yb）N=4.33~10.77]，Eu负异常（δEu=0.03~0.13），富集LILE，亏损HFSE，具有Ⅰ型花岗岩的特征. 两期花岗质糜棱岩可能为俯冲背景下岛弧岩浆活动形成的Ⅰ型‒分异Ⅰ型花岗岩. 结合区域构造演化和岩石地球化学研究，大兴安岭北段晚古生代早期花岗质岩浆作用与兴安地块与松嫩地块的碰撞拼合作用有关，扎兰屯地区早泥盆世‒早石炭世处于古亚洲洋向兴安地块和松嫩地块俯冲的构造背景下，两个地块的最终碰撞拼合时限可能为晚石炭世.Abstract: The southern of Zhalantun in the Great Xing'an Range is located between the Xing'an Block (XB) and Songnen Block (SB) in the eastern section of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), which is of great importance for the study on the collision and combination of blocks during the tectonic evolution process. The exposed granitic mylonites were analyzed by geological and geochemical analysis, and zircon U-Pb dating in this paper. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results show that the granitic mylonites are divided into two phases: Phase Ⅰ is the Early Devonian (-398.8 Ma), and Phase Ⅱ is the end of the Late Devonian to the beginning of the Early Carboniferous (351.6-365.7 Ma). The rocks of the two periods are characterized by high SiO2 (68.20%-77.90%), high alkali (K2O+Na2O=6.32%-9.67%) and low magnesium (MgO=0.22%-0.97%), belonging to the aluminous and high potassium calc-alkaline series. The REE distribution pattern is right-leaning [(La/Yb)N=4.33-10.77], with a slight negative Eu anomaly (δEu=0.03-0.13). All samples were enriched in LILE and depleted in HFSE, which have the characteristics of differentiating Ⅰ-type granites. The two phases of granitic mylonites may be Ⅰ-type-differentiated Ⅰ-type granites formed by island arc magmatism under the background of subduction. Combining regional tectonic evolution and petrochemical research, the early Late Paleozoic granitic magmatism in the northern section of the Great Xing'an Range is related to the collision and combination of the XB and SB. During the Early Devonian-Early Carboniferous, the Zhalantun area was under the subduction environment of the Paleo-Asian Ocean-oriented XB and SB, the collision and closure time of the two blocks here may be the Late Carboniferous.
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Key words:
- granitic mylonite /
- Great Xing'an Range /
- Xing'an Block /
- Central Asian Orogenic Belt /
- geochemistry
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图 1 中亚造山带及其周边构造单元划分简图(a), 中国东北地区构造划分(b)
图a据周建波等（2012）；图b据Liu et al.（2017）
Fig. 1. Simplifed tectonic framework of the CAOB and surrounding areas (a), tectonic division of the NE China (b)
图 2 扎兰屯南部地质简图(a)成吉思汗幅(b)东巴彦乌旗幅
Fig. 2. Geological map of southern Zhalantun area (a) Genghis Khan (b) Dongbayanwu Banner
图 3 扎兰屯南部糜棱岩的野外露头照片和显微照片
a，b. Z10-15，糜棱岩化二长花岗岩；c，d. Z10-35，二长花岗质糜棱岩；e，f. Z11-56，细粒黑云二长花岗质糜棱岩；g~j. Z11-57，细粒黑云二长花岗质糜棱岩；k，l. Z12-95，眼球状长英质糜棱岩. Af. 碱性长石；Bi. 黑云母；Mt. 磁铁矿；Pet. 条纹长石；Pl. 斜长石；Q. 石英；Zo. 黝帘石
Fig. 3. Field outcrops and micrographs of mylonites in southern Zhalantun area
图 4 扎兰屯南部地区糜棱岩典型锆石CL图
图中白色圆圈代表U-Pb年代学测试激光剥蚀点位，对应白色年龄数字代表锆石206Pb/238U年龄
Fig. 4. Representative CL images of zircons of mylonite in southern Zhalantun area
图 5 扎兰屯南部地区糜棱岩锆石U-Pb定年结果
Fig. 5. Zircon U-Pb dating of mylonite in southern Zhalantun area
a, b. Z10-15; c. Z10-35; d. Z11-56; e. Z11-57; f. Z12-95
图 6 扎兰屯南部花岗质糜棱岩SiO2-(K2O+Na2O)图解(a), SiO2-K2O图解(b), SiO2-TFeO/(MgO+TFeO)图解(c)及A/CNK-A/NK图解(d)
图a底图据Middlemost（1994），图b底图据Collins et al.（1982），图c底图据Frost et al.（2001），图d底图据Frost et al.（2001）；数据来源：花岗岩和花岗质糜棱岩据Ma et al.（2019），扎兰屯地区糜棱岩化花岗岩据钱程等（2018），包格德花岗岩及石英二长岩据李猛兴（2021）
Fig. 6. SiO2-(K2O+Na2O) (a), SiO2-K2O (b), SiO2-TFeO/(MgO+TFeO) (c) and A/CNK-A/NK (d) diagrams for granitic myolites from southern Zhalantun area
图 7 扎兰屯南部花岗质糜棱岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分图(a)和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(b)
原始地幔标准化数据引自Boynton（1984），球粒陨石标准化数据引自Sun and McDonough（1989）；数据来源同图 6
Fig. 7. Chondrite normalized distribution map of rare earth elements (a) and primitive mantle normalized web map of trace elements (b) for granitic myronites from southern Zhalantun area
图 8 扎兰屯南部花岗质糜棱岩岩石类地球化学判别图解：Zr+Nb+Ce+Y‒(K2O+Na2O)/CaO图(a)，Zr+Nb+Ce+Y‒(TFeO/MgO)图(b)和Ta/Yb‒Th/Yb图(c)
a，b底图据Whalen et al.（1987）；c底图据Pearce et al.（1984）；FG. 分异的花岗岩分布区；OGT. 未见分异的I+S+M型花岗岩
Fig. 8. Zr+Nb+Ce+Y‒(K2O+Na2O)/CaO (a), Zr+Nb+Ce+Y‒(TFeO/MgO) (b), and Ta/Yb‒Th/Yb (c) discrimination diagrams of rock type for granitic mylonite in southern Zhalantun area
图 9 扎兰屯南部花岗质糜棱岩构造环境判别图解
Syn-COLG. 同碰撞花岗岩；WPG. 板内花岗岩；VAG.火山弧花岗岩；ORG.洋脊花岗岩；底图据Pearce et al.（1984）；数据来源同图 6
Fig. 9. Tectonic discrimination diagrams for the for granitic mylonite in southern Zhalantun area
图 10 大兴安岭北段早泥盆世‒晚石炭世构造演化模式
EB. 额尔古纳地块；XB. 兴安地块；SB. 松嫩地块；JB. 佳木斯地块；HHS. 黑河‒贺根山缝合带；底图据Liu et al.（2017）
Fig. 10. Early Devonian to Late Carboniferous tectonic evolution model map of the northern Great Xing'an Range
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