High CO2 Natural Gas Charging Events, Timing and Accumulation Pattern in LD10 Area of Yinggehai Basin
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摘要: 莺歌海盆地LD10区中深层黄流组‒梅山组重力流水道、海底扇储层已被证实具有重大的天然气资源潜力.但是前期测试结果显示气藏中混有高含量CO2气体.因此，精细厘定天然气充注期次，明确CH4、CO2等时空分布规律对规避高CO2风险至关重要.本研究在对不同产状流体包裹体岩相学特征精细观察的基础上，综合激光拉曼光谱分析和包裹体显微测温技术识别出3幕不同成分天然气充注，时间分别为：4.0~2.9 Ma、2.0~1.2 Ma和0.8~0.3 Ma.其中，第一幕充注以烃类气为主，伴有少量有机CO2和N2；第二幕和第三幕充注以大量无机CO2、烃类气为主，伴有少量N2.结合天然气及烃源岩地化特征、天然气组分分析及输导体系识别，总结了LD10区的成藏模式，以期为研究区下一步天然气勘探开发和规避高含量CO2风险提供依据.Abstract: The gravity flow channel and subsea fan reservoirs of the middle and deep Huangliu Formation-Meishan Formation in Ledong 10 area of Yinggehai basin have been proved to have great natural gas resource potential. However, the preliminary test results show that the gas reservoir was mixed with high content of CO2 gas. Therefore, fine determination of natural gas charging periods and clear spatial and temporal distribution rules such as CH4 and CO2 are crucial to avoid high CO2 risks. In this study, based on the detailed observation of the petrographic characteristics of fluid inclusions with different occurrences, combined with laser Raman spectroscopy analysis and inclusions microscopic temperature measurement technology, three stages of natural gas charging with different components were identified at 4.0-2.9 Ma, 2.0-1.2 Ma and 0.8-0.3 Ma, respectively. Among them, the first stage of charging is mainly hydrocarbon gas, accompanied by a small amount of organic CO2 and N2. The second and third acts of charging were dominated by a large amount of inorganic CO2 and hydrocarbon gas, accompanied by a small amount of N2. Combined with the geochemical characteristics of natural gas and source rock, natural gas component analysis and transportation system identification, the accumulation model of Ledong 10 area is summarized, in order to provide a basis for the next gas exploration and development in the study area and to avoid the risk of high CO2 content.
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图 1 莺歌海盆地构造单元划分及研究区位置(据Cao et al., 2015)
Fig. 1. Tectonic units and location of the study area in Yinggehai basin(modified from Cao et al., 2015)
图 2 透射光下不同产状内的流体包裹体
a.石英内成岩裂纹内的流体包裹体. LD10-1-A井，4 165.52 m；b，c.穿石英裂纹内的流体包裹体. LD10-1-A井，4 165.96 m，LD10-2-A井，4 110.8 m；d，e.石英次生加大边中的流体包裹体. LD10-1-A井，4 166.38 m，LD10-1-B井，3 994.5 m；f.方解石胶结物中的流体包裹体. LD10-1-A井，4 169.04 m
Fig. 2. Fluid inclusions in different occurrences under transmitted light
图 3 LD10区流体包裹体类型
a.LD10-1-A井，4 166.38 m，石英次生加大边中的椭圆状富气相盐水包裹体和纯气相包裹体；b.LD10-1-A井，4 165.52 m，石英内成岩裂纹中的长条状富气相盐水包裹体和近圆状纯气相包裹体；c.LD10-1-B井，4 091 m，石英内成岩裂纹中的油包裹体的蓝色荧光显示；d.LD10-1-B井，3 868 m，穿石英裂纹中的椭圆状纯气相包裹体和气液两相盐水包裹体；e.LD10-1-B井，4 091 m，石英内成岩裂纹中的发蓝色荧光的不规则气液两相油包裹体；f.LD10-1-B井，方解石胶结物中的不规则状纯气相包裹体
Fig. 3. Fluid inclusion types in LD10 area
图 4 LD10区不同储层中的流体包裹体均一温度直方图
a.LD10-1构造黄流组二段重力流水道砂体；b.LD10-2构造黄流组二段重力流海底扇砂体；c.LD10-2构造梅山组二段重力流海底扇砂体；d.LD10-3构造梅山组二段重力流海底扇砂体
Fig. 4. Histograms of homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions in different reservoirs in LD10 area
图 5 第二幕热流体充注时期捕获的包裹体拉曼光谱图
a.LD10-1-A井，4 165.52 m，石英内成岩裂纹中的含CO2气相盐水包裹体（161.7 ℃）；b.LD10-1-A井，4 169.16 m，石英内成岩裂纹中的含甲烷气相盐水包裹体（160.5 ℃）；c.LD10-2-A井，4 110.8 m，石英内成岩裂纹中的含CO2气相包裹体（169.6 ℃）；d.LD10-1-A井，4 171.21 m，石英内成岩裂纹中的含甲烷气相包裹体（158 ℃）
Fig. 5. Raman spectra of inclusions captured during the second act of thermal fluid charging
图 6 第三幕热流体充注时期捕获的包裹体拉曼光谱图
a.LD10-1-A井，4 170.81 m，石英内成岩裂纹中的含CO2纯气相包裹体（178.9 ℃）；b.LD10-2-A井，4 110.8 m，石英内成岩裂纹中发育的CO2和甲烷混合气相盐水包裹体（185.3 ℃）
Fig. 6. Raman spectra of inclusions captured during thermal fluid charging in the third act
图 7 LD10区埋藏史热史投点结果
a.LD10-1构造黄流组储层埋藏史热史投点; b.LD10-2构造黄流组储层埋藏史热史投点; c.LD10-2构造梅山组储层埋藏史热史投点
Fig. 7. Results of burial history and thermal history in LD10 area
图 8 LD10区天然气甲烷、乙烷碳同位素分布直方图
Fig. 8. Histograms of carbon isotope distribution of methane and ethane in LD10 area
图 9 LD10区烃类气成因及亚类判识与划分
a.LD10区烃类气δ13C1与δ13C2关系；b.LD10区烃类气δ13C1与δ13C1-δ13C2关系
Fig. 9. Genesis, subclass identification and classification of hydrocarbon gases in LD10 area
图 10 LD10区天然气CO2与δ13CCO2含量关系散点图
Fig. 10. Scatter plot of relationship between CO2 and δ13CCO2 in LD10 area
图 11 无机成因CO2与烃源岩的碳同位素组成对比
a.LD10区天然气中无机成因CO2，12个样品；b.莺歌海盆地中新统和渐新统砂泥岩中碳酸盐矿物和胶结物，25个样品；c.莺东斜坡前古近系基底碳酸盐岩，灰岩和白云岩2个样品
Fig. 11. Comparison of carbon isotopic compositions of inorganic CO2 and source rocks
图 12 AA’测线地震剖面发育的隐伏断裂-垂向输导体系(测线位置见图 1)
Fig. 12. Hidden fault-vertical transport system developed by AA'seismic profile
图 13 LD10区黄流组Ⅱ段储层中发育的裂缝
a.LD10-1-A井4 134.5 m；b.LD10-1-A井4 165.8 m；c.LD10-1-D井4 330 m；d.LD10-1-D井4 391.3 m
Fig. 13. Fractures developed in Huangliu Formation Ⅱ reservoir in LD10 area
图 14 LD10区天然气成藏模式
箭头大小表示充注气体含量大小
Fig. 14. Gas accumulation pattern diagram in LD10 area
表 1 LD10区天然气稀有气体同位素分析结果
Table 1. Rare gas isotope analysis results in LD10 area
井号 深度（m） 4He(v/v) 3He/4He 40Ar(v/v) 40Ar/36Ar 38Ar/36Ar R/Ra LD10-1-C 4 022.7~4 062.5 6.92E-06 5.10E-08 7.78E-05 3.08E+02 1.88E-01 0.04 4 022.7~4 062.5 8.63E-06 4.91E-08 5.52E-05 3.16E+02 1.86E-01 0.04 4 022.7~4 062.5 5.36E-06 1.01E-07 1.45E-04 3.09E+02 1.90E-01 0.07 LD10-3-A 4 151 2.61E-03 7.78E-08 1.83E-05 5.28E+02 1.83E-01 0.06 
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表 2 LD10区天然气组分分布
Table 2. Distribution of natural gas components in LD10 area
构造 井号 层位 深度（m） 非烃气（%） CO2（%） 烃类气（%） LD10-1 LD10-1-6 H2Ⅳ 4 215.5 5.41 48.79 45.81 LD10-1-10 H2Ⅳ 4 022.7~4 061.5 4.35 69.86 25.78 LD10-1-12 H2Ⅴ 4 321.5~4 393.5 1.31 43.76 54.93 LD10-1-13 H2Ⅲ 4 095.0~4 115.0 2.45 15.26 82.29 H2Ⅴ 4 209 2.20 63.29 34.51 LD10-2 LD10-1-5 H2Ⅱ 4 040.4 0.00 19.23 80.77 H2Ⅲ 3 995.2 0.00 54.20 45.80 LD10-2-1 H2Ⅰ 3 856.4 0.00 0.81 99.19 3 867.4 0.00 14.88 85.12 M1Ⅱ上 3 711 0.00 18.17 81.83 4 062.1 2.20 65.23 32.50 M1Ⅱ下 4 158.3 2.07 64.34 33.59 4 113 0.00 74.15 25.85 LD10-3 LD10-3-1 M2Ⅱ 4 106 0.00 46.25 53.75 M2Ⅲ 4 151 0.00 50.89 49.11
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