Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of Late Paleozoic Granite-Diorite from the Southern Beishan Orogen
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摘要: 北山造山带位于中亚造山带南部，是中亚造山带的重要组成部分.为了进一步深入认识北山造山带晚古生代的构造‒岩浆演化过程，选择北山造山带南部石板墩‒白墩子地区的晚古生代花岗岩‒闪长岩开展了岩石学、锆石U-Pb定年、Hf同位素、微量元素及岩石地球化学研究.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究限定了石板墩花岗岩形成于~304~ 302 Ma，石板墩闪长岩形成于~291 Ma，白墩子石英闪长岩形成于~270 Ma.它们的锆石Hf同位素均呈现较亏损的特征（εHf（t）=-2.0~+15.7），且由老到新，亏损程度依次增加.岩石学和地球化学特征暗示了亏损地幔来源岩浆在北山造山带晚古生代岩浆活动中的主导作用，亏损地幔来源岩浆与古老地壳部分熔融形成的岩浆以不同比例混合，形成了复杂的岩石组合.因此，晚石炭世‒早二叠世花岗岩‒闪长岩可能形成于后撤式增生造山作用导致的弧后伸展构造环境.Abstract: The Beishan orogen occupies the southernmost part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) and it is an important part of the CAOB. In this paper, we presents petrographical, zircon U-Pb, Hf isotopic, and trace element and whole rock geochemical studies on a late Paleozoic granite-diorite association from the Shibandun-Baidunzi area of the southern Beishan, in order to better constrain the late Paleozoic tectono-magmatic evolution of the Beishan orogen. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating yields crystallization ages of ~304-302 Ma for the Shibandun granite, ~291 Ma for the Shibandun diorite, and ~270 Ma for the Baidunzi diorite. These rocks are characterized by variable radiogenic zircon Hf isotopic compositions with εHf(t) values of -2.0-+15.7. Furthermore, they show a more depleted trend with decreasing ages. The petrographical and geochemical features indicate that the Late Paleozoic magmatisms in the southern Beishan was dominated by depleted mantle-derived magmas, and the complex Late Paleozoic rock assemblages of southern Beishan were likely produced by mixing of different proportions of juvenile mantle-derived magma with the ancient crust-derived magma. We further suggest that the Late Carboniferous-Early Permian granite-diorite were formed in a back-arc extension setting related to the retreating accretionary orogeny.
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图 1 北山造山带地质简图（a）和中亚造山带构造简图（b）（修改自Xiao et al., 2010；He et al., 2018）
Fig. 1. Simplified geological map of the Beishan orogen (a) and sketched tectonic map of the CAOB (b) (modified after Xiao et al., 2010; He et al., 2018)
图 2 北山造山带南部石板墩‒白墩子地区地质简图
Fig. 2. Simplified geological map of the Shibandun-Baidunzi area of southern Beishan
图 3 石板墩花岗岩和围岩花岗片麻岩的野外露头照片
Fig. 3. Field photos of the Shibandun granite and the wall-rock granitic gneiss
图 4 研究样品的显微照片
a和b.石板墩花岗岩；c.石板墩闪长岩；d.白墩子石英闪长岩；Amp.角闪石；Bt.黑云母；Pl.斜长石；Kfs.钾长石；Qz.石英
Fig. 4. Photomicrographs (crossed nicols) of the studied samples
图 6 代表性锆石CL图像
实线圆圈为年龄测点，虚线圆圈为Hf同位素测点，标尺长度为100 μm
Fig. 6. CL images of representative zircons
图 11 花岗岩分类图解
a. A/NK-A/CNK图解，引自Maniar and Piccoli（1989）；b. SiO2‒FeOT/（FeOT+MgO），引自Frost et al.（2001）；c. SiO2‒（Na2O+ K2O‒CaO）图解，引自Frost et al.（2001）. 北山晚古生代花岗岩‒闪长岩数据引自赵泽辉等（2007）、张文等（2010，2011）、Zhang et al.（2012）、冯继承等（2012）、Li et al.（2013）、李敏等（2018）、Zheng et al.（2020）
Fig. 11. Geochemical classification diagrams for granitic rocks
图 12 稀土配分曲线（a）和微量元素蛛网图（b）
球粒陨石标准值引自Taylor and McLennan（1985）；原始地幔标准值引自Sun and McDonough（1989）. 北山晚古生代花岗岩‒闪长岩数据引自赵泽辉等（2007）、张文等（2010，2011）、Zhang et al.（2012）、冯继承等（2012）、Li et al.（2013）、李敏等（2018）、Zheng et al.（2020）
Fig. 12. Chondrite-normalized REE pattern (a) and primitive mantle-normalized trace element spidergram (b)
图 13 北山造山带晚古生代构造‒岩浆演化模式（据He et al., 2018）
Fig. 13. Schematic model illustrating the Late Paleozoic tectonomagmatic evolution of the southern Beishan orogenic belt (after He et al., 2018)
表 1 年代学研究样品的GPS位置及年龄和Hf同位素分析结果汇总
Table 1. GPS position, mineral assemblage, zircon U-Pb age and Hf isotope of analyzed samples
岩石 样品 矿物组合 年龄 εHf(t) GPS坐标 石板墩花岗岩 X12-10-2 Pl+Q+Kfs+Bt 303±1 Ma 0.6~6.1 N40°56.786′；E95°50.460′ X12-10-3 Pl+Kfs+Q+Bt 304±2 Ma 1.3~9.4 N40°56.786′；E95°50.460′ X12-11-3 Pl+Kfs+Q+Bt 302±2 Ma -2.0~10.2 N40°56.749′；E95°50.354′ 石板墩闪长岩 X12-12-3 Pl+Q+Amp 291±1 Ma 5.0~11.1 N40°57.196′；E95°53.955′ 白墩子石英闪长岩 X12-7-1 Pl+Q+Bt+Amp 270±1 Ma 9.6~15.7 N40°46.859′；E95°37.592′ 
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