U-Pb Chronology of Detrital Zircons from Lower Cretaceous in Xinniwusu Sag, Bayingobi Basin and Its Geological Significance
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摘要: 为了限定巴音戈壁盆地新尼乌苏凹陷含铀目的层巴音戈壁组上段沉积年限和物源，为该地区早白垩纪盆山关系及铀矿物质来源提供制约，采集该套地层中的砂岩进行岩相学、全岩地球化学和碎屑岩锆石U-Pb定年和分析.岩石薄片观察显示该套地层具有近源沉积特征.K、Rb、La、Th、Zr、Sc、Hf、REE等元素及比值特征显示源岩主要为来自不同构造背景的中酸性岩.碎屑锆石年龄峰值主要集中在430 Ma、250 Ma和270 Ma，最年轻碎屑锆石年龄为125±1 Ma.结合上覆地层苏红图组中玄武岩K-Ar年龄，将研究区巴音戈壁组上段沉积时间限定在(125±1)~(111.3±2.1) Ma之间；凹陷北部巴音戈壁组上段下部沉积物源主要来自于东北部善达庙、欧布拉格地区，中部物源主要来自于西南部沙拉扎山乌力吉、尚丹和东部图克木隆起等地区；凹陷南部巴音戈壁组上段物源主要来自于南部诺尔公-红古尔玉林构造带和北部沙拉扎山隆起.巴音戈壁组上段中部物源剥蚀区发生明显变化，表明早白垩世晚期盆地内部发生了差异性隆升和下降，研究区东北部相对下降，而西南部相对抬升，致使沉积物源方向以东北部为主转为以西南部和东部为主.Abstract: Petrography, whole rock geochemistry, and in-situ U-Pb dating of the detrital zircons from the sandstones of the uranium-bearing target formation in the Xinniwusu sag of the Bayingobi basin were used to limit the sedimentary age and provenance of Lower Cretaceous of Bayingobi Formation, and constrain the relationship between the Early Cretaceous basins and mountains and the source of uranium minerals. Photomicrographs show that the formation has the characteristics of proximal deposition. The characteristics of K, Rb, La, Th, Zr, Sc, Hf, REE and their ratios indicate that the source rocks are mainly intermediate-acid rocks from different tectonic backgrounds. The peak ages of detrital zircons are mainly 430 Ma, 250 Ma and 270 Ma, and the youngest is 125±1 Ma. Combined with the K-Ar age of the basalt in the overlying Cretaceous Suhongtu Formation, the sedimentation age of the upper member of Bayingobi Formation in the study area was limited to (125±1)-(111.3±2.1) Ma. The lower part of the upper member of the Bayingobi Formation in the northern part of the Xinniwusu sag are mainly derived from Shandamiao and Wubulage areas in the northeastern Langshan. In the middle part, the provenance mainly comes from Wuliji, Shangdan and Tukmu uplift of the Shalazhashan structural belt. The provenance of the upper member of Bayingobi Formation in the southern part of the Xinniwusu sag mainly comes from the Nuru-Honggueryulin structural belt in the south and the Shalazhashan uplift in the north. The provenance area changed obviously in the middle part of the Upper Bayingobi Formation indicates that differential uplift and decline occurred in the Bayingobi basin during the late Early Cretaceous. The northeastern part to the study area was relatively declined, while the southwestern part was relatively uplifted, which changed the principal direction of sediment source from the northeast in the early to the west and east.
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图 2 本巴图地区地质图(据宁夏地质局(1979)1∶20万地质图银根幅修改)
Fig. 2. Geological map of the Benbatu area (modified after Ningxia Geological Bureau (1979) 1∶200 000 Geological Map)
图 3 研究区巴音戈壁组典型碎屑锆石CL图像
Fig. 3. CL images of detrital zircons from sandstones in Bayingobi Formation of the study area
图 4 研究区巴音戈壁组碎屑锆石年龄与Th/U比值关系
Fig. 4. Zircon ages vs. Th/U diagram of detrital zircons from sandstones in Bayingobi Formation of the study area
图 5 研究区下白垩统巴音戈壁组碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图(a, c, e)与直方图(b, d, f)
Fig. 5. Concordant plots (a, c, e) and corresponding relative probability plots (b, d, f) of U-Pb ages for detrital zircons in the Lower Cretaceous Bayingobi Formation of the study area
图 6 本巴图地区下白垩统巴音戈壁组含砾粗砂岩镜下特征照片
a.单偏光；b~d.正偏光. Qtz.石英；Pl.斜长石；Per.条纹长石；Mc.微斜长石；Bt.黑云母；Ms.白云母；Hbl.角闪石
Fig. 6. Photomicrographs showing mineral assemblages of gravel coarse sandstone from the Lower Cretaceous Bayingobi Formation of the study area
图 7 Th/Sc-Zr/Sc(a)、K2O-Rb(b)、La/Th-Hf(c)和Ti/Zr-La/Sc图解(d)
Fig. 7. Diagrams of Th/Sc vs. Zr/Sc (a), K2O vs. Rb (b), La/Th vs. Hf (c), and Ti/Zr vs. La/Sc (d)
图 8 研究区碎屑岩及周边岩体REE配分模式
Fig. 8. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of detrital rocks in the study area and surrounding major plutons
图 9 研究区白垩系巴音戈壁组碎屑锆石年龄谱(a~c)与诺尔公-红古尔玉林-狼山构造带(d)、宗乃山-沙拉扎山构造带(e)和珠斯楞-杭乌构造带(f)主要岩体年龄谱对比(N为年龄统计数量)
珠斯楞-杭乌构造带岩浆岩年龄数据主要参考：Wang et al., 2001；李俊建，2006；尹海权，2016；Zhao et al., 2020；Zhang et al., 2017.宗乃山-沙拉扎山构造带岩浆岩年龄数据主要参考：李俊建，2006；Zhang et al.，2013；史兴俊等，2014；Zheng et al., 2014；杨奇荻等，2014；陈高潮等，2015；史兴俊等，2016；Liu et al., 2017；甘立胜等，2018.诺尔公-红古尔玉林构造带岩浆岩年龄数据主要参考：李俊建，2006；耿元生等，2010；Dan et al., 2012, 2014, 2015；Feng et al., 2013；Hu et al., 2014；Wang et al., 2015, 2016；Zhang et al., 2016；叶珂等，2016；周晓春，2016；Liu et al., 2017；宫江华等，2017
Fig. 9. Comparison of the age distributions of detrital zircons from the Lower Cretaceous Bayingobi Formation in the study area (a-c) with magmatic records of Nuoergong-Honggueryulin-Langshan tectonic belt (d), Zongnai-Saraha mountain tectonic belt (e) and Zhusileng-Hangwu tectonic belt (f) (N represents the statistical numbers of age)
图 10 巴音戈壁盆地新尼乌苏凹陷白垩系巴音戈壁组上段沉积物源分布模式示意图
Fig. 10. Sketch map of sedimentary provenance distribution model of the upper member of Early Cretaceous Bayingobi Formation in the Xinniwsu sag, Bayingobi basin
表 1 研究区巴音戈壁组碎屑锆石不同范围U-Pb年龄值百分数统计结果
Table 1. Statistics of U-Pb ages of detrital zircons from Bayingobi Formation in the study area
样品号 位置 层位 岩性 所测锆石颗粒数/有效数 Th/U 不同年龄范围百分比(%) 成因类型 2 867~542 Ma 492~399 Ma 336~233 Ma 20082102 本巴图 K1b2 含砾粗砂岩 110/101 0.4~0.9 0 96.04 2.97 岩浆成因 20081908 K1b2 红色层状砂岩 110/107 0.4~2.1 2.81 13.08 84.11 岩浆成因 20081902 额勒斯台 K1b2 黄色层状砂岩 110/100 0.1~2.5 26 28 46 岩浆、变质成因 
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