Zircon U-Pb Age and Stratigraphic Significance of Tuff in Heshanggou Formation, Southern North China Basin
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摘要: 为了约束华北盆地自二叠纪-三叠纪大灭绝后生物复苏与气候转变的时限，对济源地区和尚沟组上部新发现的凝灰岩层进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石定年分析.部分凝灰岩锆石颗粒呈短柱状，少量长柱状，无磨圆，阴极发光照片显示明显的环带结构.剔除轻稀土含量较高的颗粒后，选择其中最年轻的一组样品进行年龄加权平均计算，得到凝灰岩层的就位年龄为244.6±2.8 Ma.该定年结果表明和尚沟组的沉积时代跨越了早-中三叠世，至中三叠世安尼期.同时也约束了华北盆地济源地区的陆地生态系统自奥伦尼克期开始复苏，在中三叠世安尼期全面重建，与海洋生态系统的恢复时限一致；古气候由极端温室向中等温室的转变也发生在中三叠世安尼期，与全球在中三叠的降温趋势一致.Abstract: In order to constrain the timing for biological recovery and climate change after the Permian-Triassic extinction in North China basin, in this contribution it applies zircon LA-ICP-MS dating of the newly discovered tuff layer in the upper part of the Heshanggou Formation in Jiyuan area. Some zircons occur as short cylindrical shape, with a few elongated grains. All zircons were not rounded, and showed obvious oscillatory zoning characteristics under a cathodoluminescence microscope. After removing zircons with enriched LREE, the remaining zircons showed a weighted mean U-Pb age of 244.6±2.8 Ma. The results show that the stratigraphic age of Heshanggou Formation spanned to the Middle Triassic Anisian age. The new age constrains that the terrestrial ecosystem in North China Basin was fully rebuilt during the Anisian after recovered during the Olenekian, which is consistent with the recovery time of marine ecosystem. The paleoclimate transition from extreme greenhouse to medium greenhouse also occurred in the Anisian age, which is consistent with the continuous global cooling trend in the Middle Triassic.
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Key words:
- Heshanggou Formation /
- Triassic /
- tuff /
- biological recovery /
- paleoclimate /
- climate change /
- stratigraphy
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图 1 中国地质简图（a）；研究区地质简图（b）；济源地区和尚沟组地层柱状图（c）
1.华北盆地；2.研究区；3.二叠系；4.下三叠统；5.中三叠统；6.上三叠统；7.侏罗系；8.古近系；9.新近系；10.第四系；11.细砂岩；12.粉砂岩；13.泥质粉砂岩；14.粉砂质泥岩；15.砾岩；16.凝灰岩层所在位置. 图a底图来自标准地图服务网无修改，审图号为GS（2022）4309
Fig. 1. Tectonic unit diagram of China (a); geological map of the studied area (b); Heshanggou Formation stratigraphic column of Jiyuan area (c)
图 2 华北盆地济源地区典型野外现象照片
a. 刘家沟组砾岩；b. 刘家沟组巨厚层砂岩夹泥岩；c. 和尚沟组细砂岩中的平行层理；d. 和尚沟组厚层泥岩中的钙质结核；e. 和尚沟组粉砂岩中的浪成交错层理；f. 和尚沟组凝灰岩层所在剖面的野外照片（图中黄色箭头指示的是凝灰岩层的位置）；g. 和尚沟组凝灰岩层（黄色方框指示采样位置）；h. 和尚沟组与二马营组交界处厚层黄色砂岩；i. 二马营组砂岩中的板状交错层理
Fig. 2. Typical field phenomena from Jiyuan area, North China basin
图 4 凝灰岩样品锆石稀土元素球粒陨石标准化分配图（a）；岩浆锆石U-Pb年龄协和图（b）；岩浆锆石年龄概率分布直方图（c）；岩浆锆石U-Pb年龄加权平均图（d）
Fig. 4. Chondrite-normalized REE curve of zircons from tuffs (a); U-Pb concordia diagram of zircons (b); U-Pb age distribution and probability density plot histogram of zircons (c); U-Pb age weighted average plot of zircon (d)
图 5 和尚沟组地层划分对比
Fig. 5. Summary of stratigraphic classification on the Heshanggou Formation
图 6 华北盆地中下三叠统生物扰动指数（a），晚二叠世至中三叠世海相生物属丰度变化（b）
图a据Guo et al.（2019）；Xing et al.（2021）
Fig. 6. Bioturbation index of the Lower-Middle Triassic strata (a), genus richness changes (b) throughout the Late Permian to the Middle Triassic
图 7 三叠纪海水表面温度与全球平均温度变化
据Song et al.（2020）；Scotese et al.（2021）
Fig. 7. Sea-surface temperature and global average temperature throughout Triassic
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