Petrogenesis of Pingtaishan Compound Massif in the Eastern Tianshan, NW China, and Its Implications on Late Paleozoic Ridge Subduction
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摘要: 为深入了解东天山晚古生代时期的构造演化，对东天山卡拉塔格地区平台山岩体开展了系统的野外调查，并进行了锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学研究.平台山岩体是由辉长岩、辉绿岩、角闪辉长岩和石英闪长岩组成的复式岩体.其中辉长岩和石英闪长岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为284.7±2.8 Ma和270.0±3.4 Ma.辉长岩、辉绿岩和角闪辉长岩的SiO2为44.17%~50.14%，Fe2O3T为7.63%~12.75%，MgO介于2.79%~16.80%，全碱含量低且变化大（K2O+Na2O=1.79%~6.36%），Mg#值变化大（41~73），富集Rb、Ba、Sr、U和Pb，亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf和Ti等高场强元素，与岛弧岩浆岩特征一致.石英闪长岩具有髙硅（SiO2=61.15%~64.62%）、富碱（K2O+Na2O=8.50%~9.34%），富集Rb、Ba和Zr、Hf、Y，具有Eu、Sr和Ti负异常，并有高的（Ga/Al）×104比值（3.55~3.68）和Y/Nb比值（14.31~16.28），与A2型花岗岩特征相似.辉长岩、辉绿岩和角闪辉长岩属于阿拉斯加型岩体，母岩浆来源于亏损地幔与被流体交代岩石圈地幔的混合物，石英闪长岩母岩浆来源于亏损地幔与下地壳熔体的混合物.结合区域资料，本文认为早二叠世康古尔洋尚未闭合，平台山复式岩体是康古尔洋洋脊斜向俯冲的产物.Abstract: Pingtaishan intrusion located in the Kalatag area of eastern Tianshan, is a compound massif composed of gabbro, diabase, hornblende gabbro and quartz diorite, and is an ideal object to understand the tectonic evolution of the eastern Tianshan during the Late Paleozoic. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb geochronology and geochemical analysis of major and trace elements are performed to unravel their petrogenesis. The gabbro, diabase and hornblende gabbro exhibit low SiO2 (44.17%-50.14%) and high Fe2O3T (7.63%-12.75%), and variable alkali content (K2O+Na2O=1.79%-6.36%), MgO content (2.79% to 16.80%) and Mg# (41-73). In addition, these rocks are enriched in Rb, Ba, Sr, U, and Pb and depleted in Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, and Ti, which is consistent with the characteristics of island arc magmatism. The quartz diorites exhibit high SiO2 (61.15%-64.62%) and total alkali (K2O+Na2O=8.50%-9.34%) content, enriched in LILEs (Rb and Ba) and HFSEs (Zr, Hf and Y), high (Ga/Al)×104 ratios (3.55 to 3.68) and Y/Nb ratios (14.31 to 16.28), depleted in Eu, Sr and Ti. Quartz diorites features exhibit an affinity with A2-type granites. On the one hand, these gabbro, diabase, and hornblende gabbro belong to the Alaskan-type mafic complexes, and their parental magma is derived from a mixture of depleted mantle and metasomatized lithospheric mantle. On the other hand, the parental magma of quartz diorite originates from the mixing of the depleted mantle and the lower crust. Collectively, we suggest that the Pingtaishan compound massif results from the oblique subduction of the Kangguer Ocean ridge, implying that the Kangguer Ocean was not yet closed in the Early Permian.
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Key words:
- compound massif /
- Alaskan-type complexes /
- A2-type granite /
- zircon U-Pb dating /
- ridge subduction /
- eastern Tianshan /
- geochemistry
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图 1 中亚造山带构造简图(a); 东天山‒北山地区地质略图(b); 卡拉塔格地质图(c); 平台山复式岩体地质图(d)
图a据Şengör et al.，1993修编；图b据Xiao et al.，2004修编；图c据Mao et al.，2021b；图d实际填图
Fig. 1. A brief structural map of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (a); sketch map of the eastern Tianshan-Beishan area (b); geological maps of the Kalatag area (c) and Pingtaishan compound massif (d)
图 2 平台山复式岩体样品照片
a~c.辉长岩；d~f.辉绿岩；g~i.角闪辉长岩；j~l.石英闪长岩. Qtz.石英；Pl.斜长石；Hbl.角闪石；Cpx.单斜辉石；Opx.斜方辉石；Ol.橄榄石；Ep.绿帘石；Chl.绿泥石；Mt.磁铁矿
Fig. 2. Photographs of samples from the Pingtaishan compound massif
图 4 平台山复式岩体MgO与主微量元素构成的双变量图解
Fig. 4. Variation diagrams of MgO versus major and trace elements of Pingtaishan compound massif
图 5 平台山复式岩体稀土元素球粒陨石标准化模式图(a, c, e, h)和微量元素原始地幔标准化模式图解(b, d, f, i)
OIB、N-MORB和原始地幔和标准化数值据Sun and McDonough（1989）
Fig. 5. Plots of chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a, c, e, h) and plots of primitive mantle-normalized trace element patterns (b, d, f, i) for Pingtaishan compound massif
图 6 辉长岩和石英闪长岩锆石阴极发光(CL)图像、锆石U-Pb谐和图和加权平均年龄
Fig. 6. Cathodoluminescence (CL) image of measured zircons, zircon concordia diagrams and weighting diagrams for the gabbro and quartz diorite
图 7 元素活动性判断图解
Fig. 7. Selected trace elements versus Th and Zr diagrams for discrimination element mobility
图 10 平台山复式岩体构造判别图解
a. Th/Yb-Ta/Yb图解，据Pearce（1982）；b. Hf/3-Th-Ta图解，据Wood（1980）；c. Nb -Y图解；d. Ta-Yb图解，据Pearce et al.（1984）
Fig. 10. Diagrams of structure discrimination for Pingtaishan compound massif
图 11 康古尔洋洋脊俯冲构造示意图(据Mao et al., 2021d修编)
Fig. 11. Diagram of perspective structure of oceanic ridge subduction for the Kangguer Ocean (modified after Mao et al., 2021d)
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