LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Geochronology, Geochemistry and Petrography of Akebulake Pluton in Southern Altay Orogenic Belt: An Example for Magma Mixing
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摘要: 阿尔泰造山带南缘阿克布拉克英云闪长岩体由寄主岩石、微细粒闪长质暗色包体和基性辉长岩脉组成，具有明显的岩浆混合作用特征：如暗色包体中发育长石斑晶、针状磷灰石，寄主岩中的黑云母包裹石英、斜长石等.寄主岩石、暗色包体和基性岩脉代表了岩浆混合演化过程中不同端元比例混合的产物.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明寄主岩石、暗色包体和基性岩脉岩浆结晶年龄分别为396.3±3.3 Ma、392.2±3.7 Ma和402.3±3.3 Ma，说明三者是早泥盆世同一岩浆事件的产物，为阿克布拉克岩体岩浆混合成因提供了重要的年代学证据.岩石地球化学特征方面，包体、寄主岩石和基性岩脉主要氧化物之间存在良好的线性关系，且三者的稀土元素配分曲线、微量元素蛛网形态相近，暗示寄主岩石与包体在岩石形成过程中发生过物质成分交换并达到均一化.锆石Hf同位素组成不均一，寄主岩石、包体和基性岩脉εHf(t)分别变化于1.22~4.70、-3.49~7.41和3.65~9.02之间，Hf同位素模式年龄(tDM2)分别介于962~1 131 Ma、816~1 375 Ma和740~1 015 Ma. 综合区域资料分析认为，岩体中发育的暗色闪长质包体是在活动大陆边缘的陆缘弧挤压构造背景下，幔源基性岩浆与其诱发熔融的壳源长英质岩浆混合作用的产物.阿克布拉克岩体的岩浆混合成因的确立进一步证实了早泥盆世时期阿尔泰造山带南缘地壳深部发生过强烈的壳幔岩浆混合作用，并导致了该区重要的俯冲增生地壳水平生长事件.Abstract: The Akebulake pluton in the southern margin of the Altay orogenic belt is composed of tonalite, dioritic microgranular enclaves and mafic dikes. The pluton exhibits excellent evidence for magma mixing and mingling, such as the feldspathic phenocryst, long prisms of apatite in enclaves and quartz, plagioclase wrapped in biotite in the host rock. Host rocks, dioritic microgranular enclaves and mafic dikes of the Akebulake pluton are products of mixing with different end element ratios in the process of magma mixing evolution. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating from three samples yielded weighted mean 206Pb/238U ages of 396.3±3.3 Ma, 392.2±3.7 Ma and 402.3±3.3 Ma, respectively. It indicates that they were formed in the same magmatic event, which provides important chronological evidence for the genesis of magma mixing of Akebulake pluton. Geochemically, the major oxide content of the mafic dikes, dioritic enclaves and their host rocks all have a good linear relationship in the plot, and the patterns of REE, spidergrams of trace elements of the dioritic enclaves and mafic dikes are similar to those of the host granites, suggesting that component exchange and homogenization occurred between the enclaves and the host rocks in the process of rock formation. Hf isotopic composition of zircon is not uniform. The host rocks, enclaves and mafic dikes εHf(t) vary from 1.22 to 4.70, -3.49 to 7.41 and 3.65 to 9.02, respectively. The Hf isotopic model ages (tDM2) range from 962 to 1 131 Ma, 816 to 1 375 Ma and 740 to 1 015 Ma, respectively. Based on a comprehensive analysis with the data of southern margin of Altay, the authors hold that the dioritic enclaves in the Akebulake pluton were generated by mixing of mantle-derived mafic magma and its induced crustal felsic magma in an island-arc setting of active continental margin. The formation of magma mixing of the Akebulake pluton further confirms that strong crust-mantle magmatic mixing occurred in the deep crust of the southern margin of the Altay orogenic belt during the Early Devonian, which resulted in an important event of lateral continental crust growth at the syn-accretionary stage in Altay.
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Key words:
- LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age /
- magma mixing /
- mafic microgranular enclave /
- Akebulake pluton /
- altay /
- geochemistry /
- petrology
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图 1 阿尔泰造山带构造位置(a)、构造分区(b)及研究区阿克布拉克岩体地质简图(c)
1.第四系；2.震旦系-寒武系喀纳斯群；3.中元古界苏普特岩群；4.侏罗纪正长花岗岩；5.石炭纪黑云母二长花岗岩；6.泥盆纪黑云英云闪长岩；7.泥盆纪英云闪长岩；8.泥盆纪角闪英云闪长岩；9.泥盆纪石英闪长岩；10.泥盆纪角闪闪长岩；11.地质界线/岩相界线；12.断层；13.同位素/地球化学样品采样点；14.研究区. 图a据何国琦等(1990)；图b据Windley et al.(2002)
Fig. 1. Tectonic position (a) and division (b) and simplified geological map of Akebulake pluton of studying area (c) of Altay orogenic belt
图 2 阿克布拉克岩体中镁铁质包体宏观特征
矿物缩写：Pl. 斜长石
Fig. 2. Macroscopic characteristics of mafic enclave in the Akebulake pluton
图 3 阿克布拉克岩体中寄主岩石黑云英云闪长岩、暗色包体微粒角闪黑云闪长岩和基性辉长岩脉镜下特征
a，b. 寄主岩中斜长石发育环带结构，包裹黝帘石、磷灰石等，形成筛状结构；c. 寄主岩中黑云母包裹石英、斜长石等，形成包晶结构；d. 寄主岩中磷灰石呈短柱状和针状，包裹于更长石中；e~g.闪长质包体中斜长石环形消光、黑云母被更长石交代、包裹榍石；h. 闪长质包体中针状磷灰石；i. 基性辉长岩具半自形柱状结构，角闪石包裹并交代斜长石，呈港湾状. 矿物缩写：Pl. 斜长石；Ab. 钠长石；Olg. 更长石；Qtz. 石英；Bt. 黑云母；Hb. 角闪石；Zo. 黝帘石；Ep. 绿帘石；Sph. 榍石；Ap. 磷灰石. 显微照片h为单偏光，其余均为正交偏光
Fig. 3. Microscopic characteristics of gabbro dikes, dioritic enclaves and their host granites in the Akebulake pluton
图 4 阿克布拉克岩体寄主岩石、暗色包体和基性岩脉SiO2-K2O图解(a)和A/CNK-A/NK图解(b)
图a底图据Rickwood(1989)；图b底图据Peccerillo and Taylor(1976)
Fig. 4. SiO2-K2O diagram (a) and A/CNK-ANK diagram (b) of gabbro dikes, dioritic enclaves and their host granites in the Akebulake pluton
图 5 阿克布拉克岩体寄主岩、暗色包体和基性岩脉选择性主量元素地球化学图解
Fig. 5. Selective geochemical diagrams for major elements of gabbro dikes, dioritic enclaves and their host granites in the Akebulake pluton
图 6 阿克布拉克岩体寄主岩石、暗色包体和基性岩脉稀土元素配分曲线(a)和微量元素蛛网图(b)
Fig. 6. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a) and primitive mantle-normalized trace element spidergram (b) of the gabbro dikes, dioritic enclaves and their host granites in the Akebulake pluton
图 7 阿克布拉克岩体寄主岩(a)、闪长质包体(b)及基性岩脉(c)中典型锆石CL图像和年龄值(Ma)
Fig. 7. Zircon CL images and 206Pb/238U ages (Ma) of the gabbro dikes, dioritic enclaves and their host granites in the Akebulake pluton
图 8 阿克布拉克岩体寄主岩(a)、闪长质包体(b)和辉长岩(c)脉LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图
Fig. 8. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb concordia diagrams of Akebulake's host rocks (a), dioritic enclaves (b) and gabbro dikes (c) in the Akebulake pluton
图 9 阿克布拉克岩体寄主岩、闪长质包体和辉长岩脉锆石εHf(t)—年龄图
Fig. 9. Zircon Hf isotopic εHf (t) vs. t diagram of the gabbro dikes, dioritic enclaves and their host granites in the Akebulake pluton
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