Distribution Characteristics of Microbial Communities in River-Groundwater Interaction Zone and Main Environmental Factors
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摘要: 河水-地下水交互带独特的水文地球化过程会严重影响微生物群落分布，研究该分布特性可为一系列生物地球化学循环提供新的认识.以汉江下游侧向交互带沉积物为对象，通过16SrRNA基因高通量测序分析交互带沉积物二维剖面中微生物群落多样性、物种组成及其与环境因子的关系.研究表明：以河水补给地下水为主流方向的剖面中微生物群落分布差异性较大；交互带微生物多样性与TOC、Mn极显著负相关，与NH4+、As显著负相关，近河处水位线下分布着微生物多样性高的区域，富集氧化态的NO3-、Fe(III)、SO42-，其中大量化能异养菌丰度下降，聚磷酸盐、氨氧化和噬甲基相关功能微生物丰度升高；而交互带边缘区域微生物多样性低，TOC、NH4+、Mn和As相对较高.总之，水流交互作用决定了交互带沉积物的DO和TOC的分布，从而调控着其中微生物群落变化及多种元素的生物地球化学过程.Abstract: The unique hydrogeochemical process of the river-groundwater interaction zone can seriously affect microbial community distribution. Studying the microbial distribution characteristic can provide a new understanding of a series of biogeochemical cycles. In this paper, the microbial community diversity, species composition and relationship with environmental factors in the two-dimensional sediment profiles of the interactive zone are analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of 16SrRNA gene. The results show that the microbial community distribution is more heterogeneous in the profile where river water recharge is the main water flow direction. Microbial diversity in the hyporheic zone has a remarkably substantial negative correlation with NH4+, As, and has a negatively correlation with TOC, Mn. Below the water level near the river distributed an area with high microbial diversity where the oxidative NO3-, Fe(III), and SO42- were accumulated, the abundance of a large number of chemoheterotrophic microbes decreased, and that of microorganisms related to phosphorus-accumulating, ammonia oxidation and methyl-phage increased. The marginal areas of the interaction zone show less biodiversity, with relatively high TOCs, NH4+, Mn and As. In conclusion, the interaction of river and groundwater determines the distribution of DO and TOC in the interaction zone sediments, thus regulating the changes of the microbial community and the biochemical processes of various elements.
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图 2 交互带沉积物化学指标
Fig. 2. Chemical characterization of sediments in the interaction zone of the study area
图 3 交互带沉积物微生物alpha多样性分布
白色虚线为水位线，空心圆为采样位置
Fig. 3. Distribution of microbial alpha diversity in sediments of the hyporheic zone
图 4 交互带沉积物微生物相对丰度
科水平，样品点编号信息见图 1，每个样品数据为3个平行样品平均值
Fig. 4. Relative abundance of micro-organisms in the sediments of hyporheic zone
图 5 环境因子与微生物群落的冗余分析(RDA)
a.为代表样本的分析结果；b.为微生物组成的分析结果. 1.Burkholderiaceae；2.Caulobacteraceae；3.Sphingomonadaceae；4.Pseudomonadaceae；5.Rhizobiaceae；6.Gemmatimonadaceac；7.Xanthomonadaceac；8.Methylomirabilaceae；9.Nitrosomonadaceae；10.Enterobacteriaceae；11.Bacillaceae；12.Xanthobacteraceac；13.Moraxellaceae；14.Rhodocyclaceae；15.TRA3-20；16. Pseudonocardiaceae；17.Nitrospiraceae；18.Anaerolineaceae；19.Muribaculaceae；20.Sphingobacteriaceae
Fig. 5. Redundancy analysis (RDA) of environmental factors and microbial communities
表 1 微生物alpha多样性与沉积物化学指标相关系数
Table 1. The correlation coefficient between microbial alpha diversity and sediment chemical indicators
pH TOC NH4+ NO3- SO42- Fe Fe(Ⅱ) Fe(Ⅲ) Mn As Cl- ACE -0.130 -0.500** -0.369* 0.174 -0.239 -0.167 0.128 -0.293 -0.404** -0.394* -0.058 Chao1 -0.135 -0.493** -0.366* 0.182 -0.231 -0.158 0.132 -0.285 -0.403** -0.390* -0.057 Shannon -0.217 -0.436** -0.389* 0.337* -0.126 -0.018 0.210 -0.163 -0.426** -0.361* 0.016 Simpson -0.074 -0.630** -0.492** 0.191 -0.324* -0.173 0.182 -0.336* -0.534** -0.488** -0.015 注：** 在0.01级别(双尾)，相关性显著；* 在0.05级别(双尾)，相关性显著. 
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表 2 冗余分析(RDA)的蒙特卡洛置换检验
Table 2. Monte Carlo permutation test for redundancy analysis (RDA)
环境因子 TOC Fe(Ⅲ) SO42- NO3- Fe Mn pH As NH4+ r2 0.619 8 0.420 4 0.387 7 0.373 8 0.357 0 0.346 5 0.297 2 0.254 8 0.217 3 P 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.006 0.011
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表 3 微生物群落结构β多样性差异性检验
Table 3. Dissimilarity tests for β diversity of microbial community structure
组别 第1组
第2组第1组
第3组第2组
第3组R 0.895 7 0.701 9 0.840 8 p 0.001 0.001 0.001
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