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    西天山构造演化与优势矿产成矿规律

    张连昌 冯京 李平 朱明田 董志国 高炳宇 张新 王长乐 陈博 计文化

    张连昌, 冯京, 李平, 朱明田, 董志国, 高炳宇, 张新, 王长乐, 陈博, 计文化, 2022. 西天山构造演化与优势矿产成矿规律. 地球科学, 47(9): 3127-3146. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.222
    引用本文: 张连昌, 冯京, 李平, 朱明田, 董志国, 高炳宇, 张新, 王长乐, 陈博, 计文化, 2022. 西天山构造演化与优势矿产成矿规律. 地球科学, 47(9): 3127-3146. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.222
    Zhang Lianchang, Feng Jing, Li Ping, Zhu Mingtian, Dong Zhiguo, Gao Bingyu, Zhang Xin, Wang Changle, Chen Bo, Ji Wenhua, 2022. Tectonic Evolution and Metallogenic Regularity of Dominant Deposits in the Western Tianshan. Earth Science, 47(9): 3127-3146. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.222
    Citation: Zhang Lianchang, Feng Jing, Li Ping, Zhu Mingtian, Dong Zhiguo, Gao Bingyu, Zhang Xin, Wang Changle, Chen Bo, Ji Wenhua, 2022. Tectonic Evolution and Metallogenic Regularity of Dominant Deposits in the Western Tianshan. Earth Science, 47(9): 3127-3146. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.222

    西天山构造演化与优势矿产成矿规律

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.222
    基金项目: 

    国家重点研发计划深地专项 2018YFC0604001

    国家自然科学基金项目 U1703242

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      张连昌(1959-),男,研究员,博士生导师,矿床地质专业.ORCID: 0000-0003-3509-1646. E-mail: lczhang@mail.iggcas.ac.cn

    • 中图分类号: P611

    Tectonic Evolution and Metallogenic Regularity of Dominant Deposits in the Western Tianshan

    • 摘要: 西天山位于中亚增生型造山带的西南缘,夹于准噶尔地块和塔里木克拉通之间.西天山造山带的构造演化与天山洋的俯冲‒关闭过程密切相关.西天山地质构造复杂,成矿作用独特,既可形成与活动陆缘有关的斑岩铜金矿和火山‒沉积岩型铁锰矿,也可发育与伸展构造有关的海底热水沉积型铅锌矿和浅成低温热液型金矿等多个集中区.西天山地质构造演化和成矿作用一直是地质学家关注和研究的热点,近年来的地质找矿和基础研究工作也取得一系列重大进展,但同时也存在一些急待解决的问题.本文通过对区域地质背景、沉积建造、岩浆演化、成矿地质特征与物质来源、控矿因素等方面资料的综合研究,认为西天山造山带从前寒武纪到晚古生代经历了古陆边缘裂解、洋‒陆俯冲增生、陆‒陆碰撞及后造山伸展等地质过程;与此相应形成了多个成矿区带,主要包括:(1)哈尔达坂前寒武纪古陆边缘裂陷盆地环境的铅锌成矿带,(2)与博罗科努古生代洋‒陆俯冲、碰撞‒碰撞后伸展环境有关的金铜铅锌多金属成矿带,(3)与阿吾拉勒晚古生代岛弧‒弧后盆地有关的铁多金属成矿带,(4)那拉提古生代岛弧金铜多金属成矿带.在此基础上建立了西天山主要成矿区带的成矿模式,厘定了与西天山沉积建造‒构造活动‒岩浆活动有关的成矿序列,总结了西天山铁铜铅锌金等优势矿产时空结构模型.

       

    • 图  1  西天山区域构造地质和主要矿床分布简图(据高俊等, 2009Xiao et al., 2013修改)

      Fig.  1.  Sketch map of regional tectonic geology and distributions of main deposit in the western Tianshan(after Gao et al., 2009; Xiao et al., 2013)

      图  2  哈尔达坂铅锌矿与捷克利大型铅锌矿对比示意

      Fig.  2.  Comparison diagram between Hardaban and Jiekeli Pb-Zn deposit

      图  3  哈尔达坂元古代铅锌矿构造背景与沉积环境

      Fig.  3.  Tectonic setting and sedimentary environment of Hardaban Proterozoic Pb-Zn deposit

      图  4  阿希金矿集中区地质图(据安芳和朱永峰,2010)

      Fig.  4.  Sketch map of geology and gold deposit of Tulasu basin (after An and Zhu, 2010)

      图  5  博罗科努岛弧与阿希矿集区构造演化与成矿系统示意(顾雪祥等,2014a修改)

      Fig.  5.  Sketch map showing tectonic evolution and mineralization system in the Tulasu basin (after Gu et al., 2014a)

      图  6  阿吾拉勒铁多金属成矿带地质简图

      Fig.  6.  Geological sketch of iron polymetallic metallogenic belt in Awulale area

      图  7  西天山阿吾拉勒铁石炭纪多金属成矿带构造动力学背景及成矿模式

      a.成矿带构造背景;b.成矿带成矿系列,据李凤鸣等(2011)修改;1.火山熔岩;2.含火山角砾熔岩、火山角砾岩;3.凝灰岩;4.凝灰质砂岩;5.砂岩;6.灰岩;7.铁锰矿体;8.断裂;9.火山物质运移方向. 地层代号:C1y.上石炭统伊什基里克组;C1a.下石炭统艾肯达坂组;C1d.下石炭统大哈拉军山组. 代表矿区:①昭苏锰矿;②阔拉萨依铁矿;③式可布台铁矿;④松湖铁矿;⑤查岗诺尔铁矿;⑥智博铁矿;⑦备战铁矿;⑧敦德铁矿;⑨莫托萨拉铁锰矿

      Fig.  7.  Tectonic dynamic setting and ore-forming model of Awulale iron polymetallic metallogenic belt in the western Tianshan

      图  8  那拉提成矿带构造分区、矿床分布略图

      图据王海涛等(2007);1.新生代凹陷盆地;2.石炭纪火山岛弧;3.晚古生代岩浆弧;4.石炭纪沉积盆地;5.早古生代岩浆弧;6.志留纪火山岛弧;7.前寒武纪结晶基底;8.断裂;9.铜矿;10.钨矿;11.金矿;12.铁矿;13.铜镍矿

      Fig.  8.  Skekh map showing the tectonic division and distribution of mineral deposits in the Nalati mineralization belt

      图  9  那拉提成矿带石炭纪成矿动力学模式

      Fig.  9.  Tectonic dynamic model of the Nalati mineralization belt

      图  10  西天山地区沉积建造‒构造‒岩浆活动及其成矿序列

      Fig.  10.  Sedimentary formation-tectonic-magmatic activity and metallogenic sequence in the West Tianshan

      图  11  西天山区域成矿演化

      构造演化据高俊等(2009)

      Fig.  11.  Regional metallogenic evolution sketch of the western Tianshan

      表  1  西天山成矿带主要矿床类型简表

      Table  1.   Types of main deposits in in the western Tianshan metallogenic belt

      含矿建造 成矿机制 主要矿种 矿床类型 代表矿床
      镁铁质‒超基性岩 熔离、分异结晶作用 铜镍 岩浆型 箐布拉克
      矽卡岩 接触交代作用 铁、铜 矽卡岩型 哈勒尕提、可克萨拉、肯登高尔、阔库确科、喇嘛苏、
      陆相火山‒次火山岩 陆相火山热液作用 浅成低温热液型 阿希、京希‒伊尔曼得、博古图
      陆相次火山岩‒斑岩 陆相次火山热液作用 铜、钼、金 斑岩型 莱历斯高尔、喇嘛苏、北达巴特、奥尔塔克、恰尔巴赫特、卡特巴阿苏
      海相火山岩‒次火山岩 海相火山‒火山热液作用、岩浆贯入作用 铁、铜、锌 海相火山岩型 智博、松湖、备战、查岗诺尔、尼新塔格
      火山沉积‒沉积岩类 海相沉积作用 铁、锰 海相火山‒沉积岩型 式可台布、莫托萨拉
      海相细碎屑岩‒碳酸盐岩 热水沉积(海底喷流)作用 铅、锌 热水沉积型 哈尔达坂、托克赛、四台海泉
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  2  哈尔达坂与捷克利大型铅锌矿对比

      Table  2.   Comparison table between Hardaban and Tekeli Pb-Zn deposit

      矿床 矿种(品位/储量) 成矿背景 赋矿地层 主要金属矿物 成因类型 成矿时代 备注
      捷克利铅锌矿(哈萨克斯坦) Pb+Zn (6.99%/7 Mt) 哈萨克斯坦‒伊犁板块北部被动陆缘裂陷盆地 新元古界细碎屑岩‒碳酸盐岩 闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿 SEDEX型 新元古代 薛春纪(2014a)
      哈尔达坂铅锌矿
      (中国)
      Pb+Zn (9.84%/0.61 Mt) 哈萨克斯坦‒伊犁板块北部被动陆缘裂陷盆地 新元古界细碎屑岩‒碳酸盐岩 闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿 SEDEX型 新元古代 本研究
      下载: 导出CSV
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