Mechanical Response Characteristics and Mechanism of Coal-Rock with CO2 Injection in Deep Coal Seam: A Review
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摘要: 为揭示CO2注入煤岩力学响应特征及机理，回顾了CO2注入煤岩力学性质影响因素、CO2注入对煤岩大分子-孔隙-裂隙结构改造作用和煤岩力学参数的统计模型、理论模型与智能预测模型.结果表明：CO2注入煤岩力学性质受控于煤阶、CO2压力、水分、围压和时间等因素，CO2注入压力的增高、水的加入及时间的延长均会进一步降低煤岩力学性质，而围压对CO2注入力学性能弱化具有一定改善作用.CO2水溶液通过溶胀作用、萃取作用和塑化作用促使煤岩大分子结构重组，通过微晶结构改变、化学溶蚀和非均匀变形改造煤岩孔隙结构，通过化学溶蚀、膨胀应力和化学-应力耦合作用诱发煤岩结构损伤，均不同程度引起煤岩力学性能弱化.在CO2注入煤岩力学参数预测模型中，类Langmuir模型、广延指数模型和修正的粘聚力模型具有明确的物理意义，而智能预测模型具有更高的预测精度，预测准确度可达99%以上.本次研究为科学评价CO2-ECBM安全性和促进深部煤层CO2高效注入奠定了理论基础.Abstract: To reveal the mechanical response characteristics and mechanisms of coal-rock with CO2 injection, the influencing factors of mechanical properties of coal-rock with CO2 injection, the transformation effect of CO2 on the macro molecular-pore-fracture structure of coal-rock and the statistical model, theoretical model and intelligence prediction model of mechanical parameters of coal-rock with CO2 injection were reviewed. Results show that mechanical properties of coal-rock with CO2 injection are controlled by the coal rank, the CO2 pressure, the moisture, the confining pressure and the time. The increase of CO2 injection pressure, the addition of water and the extension of time can further reduce the mechanical properties of coal-rock with CO2 injection, while the confining pressure can ameliorate the weakening effect of mechanical property to a certain extent. The CO2 aqueous solution recombines the macro molecular structure of coal-rock by the swelling, extraction and plasticization effects, reforms the pore structure of coal-rock by the micro crystalline structure change, chemical corrosion and non-uniform deformation effects, damages the fracture structure by the chemical corrosion, swelling stress and chemical-stress coupling effects, which all weaken the mechanical properties of coal-rock in varying degrees. Among the prediction models of mechanical parameters of coal-rock with CO2 injection, the Langmuir-like model, the extended exponential model and the modified cohesion model have clear physical significance, while the intelligence prediction model has higher prediction accuracy, and the prediction accuracy can reach more than 99%. This study lays a theoretical foundation for scientifically evaluating the CO2-ECBM safety and promoting the efficient injection of CO2 into deep coal seams.
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Key words:
- CO2-ECBM /
- mechanical property /
- weakening mechanism /
- multi-scale structure /
- prediction model /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 CO2注入煤层地质力学响应及潜在安全性问题
Fig. 1. Geomechanical response and potential security issues of coal seam with CO2 injection
图 2 不同煤阶煤CO2注入后峰值强度和弹性模量变化规律
数据来源：褐煤，Perera et al., 2011；陈德飞，2014；Ranathunga et al., 2016a；烟煤，Perera et al., 2013；Zhang et al., 2019a；Zhou et al., 2020；无烟煤，贾金龙，2016；Zagoršcak and Thomas, 2018；牛庆合，2019
Fig. 2. Variations of peak strength and elastic modulus of different rank coals with CO2 injection
图 3 CO2注入压力对煤岩力学参数的影响
Fig. 3. Influence of CO2 injection pressure on mechanical parameters of coal-rock
图 4 水分对CO2注入煤岩力学参数的影响
Fig. 4. Influence of water on mechanical parameters of coal-rock with CO2 injection
图 5 围压对CO2注入煤岩力学参数的影响
Fig. 5. Influence of confining pressure on mechanical parameters of coal-rock with CO2 injection
图 6 时间对CO2注入煤岩力学参数的影响
Fig. 6. Influence of time on mechanical parameters of coal-rock with CO2 injection
图 7 CO2注入煤岩内部孔裂隙结构响应模式（修改自Niu et al., 2021）
Fig. 7. Response pattern of pore-fracture structure in coal-rock with CO2 injection (modified from Niu et al., 2021)
表 1 CO2注入煤岩力学性质影响因素及规律
Table 1. Influencing factors and laws of mechanical properties of coal-rock with CO2 injection
影响因素 实验条件 煤岩
分类范围 ΔS(%) ΔE(%) Δμ(%) Δc(%) Δφ(%) 数据来源 CO2注入压力 单轴、室温 褐煤 1~3 MPa 3~10↘ 3~16↘ - - - Perera et al., 2011 单轴、33 ℃ 烟煤 3~16 MPa 44~78↘ 20~72↘ - - - Perera et al., 2013 三轴、室温 褐煤 5 MPa 15↘ 41↘ - 20↘ 5↘ 陈德飞，2014 三轴、22 ℃ - 0.2~5.5 MPa 2~46↘ 6~32↘ - Masoudian et al., 2014 单轴、35 ℃ 褐煤 2~10 MPa 6~61↘ 16~44↘ 10~62↗ - - Ranathunga et al., 2016a 三轴、40 ℃ 无烟煤 8 MPa 54↘ 41↘ 65↗ - - 贾金龙，2016 单轴、40 ℃ 无烟煤 2~8 MPa 34~80↘ 29~83↘ - - - Zagorščak and Thomas, 2018 三轴、50 ℃ 烟煤 12 MPa 17↘ 21↘ - 16↘ 2↘ Meng and Qiu, 2018 单轴、37 ℃ 烟煤 2~10 MPa 34~63↘ 34~66↘ 9~31↗ - - Zhang et al., 2019a 三轴、40 ℃ 无烟煤 4~8 MPa 47~63↘ 32~50↘ - - - 牛庆合，2019 单轴、25 ℃ 烟煤 0.2~2 MPa 8~48↘ - - - - Zhou et al., 2020 水分 单轴、37 ℃ 烟煤 59/68↘ 62/71↘ 26/38↗ - - Zhang et al., 2019a 三轴、37 ℃ 烟煤 干燥/饱水+CO2 19/23↘ 18/20↘ - - - Zhang et al., 2019b 三轴、40 ℃ 无烟煤 47/64↘ 32/55↘ 19/28↗ - - Niu et al., 2021 围压 三轴、室温 褐煤 0~10 MPa 19~2↘ 21~0↘ - - - Viete and Ranjith, 2005 三轴、35 ℃ 褐煤 0~10 MPa 31~10↘ 28~13↘ - - - Ranathunga et al., 2016a, 2016b 三轴、37 ℃ 烟煤 0~11 MPa 39~17↘ 41~17↘ - - - Zhang et al., 2019a, 2019b 时间 单轴、室温 - 25~45 d 42~65↘ 24~43↘ - - - Bagga et al., 2015 单轴、50 ℃ 无烟煤 5~30 d 50~67↘ 50~63↘ - - - 贺伟，2018 单轴、40 ℃ 褐煤 1~45 d 13~23↘ - - - - Sampath et al., 2019a 单轴、35 ℃ 烟煤 1~13 d 16~47↘ 11~40↘ - - - Su et al., 2020 三轴、35 ℃ 褐煤 21~288 d 44~50↘ 59~69↘ - - - Ranathunga et al., 2016b 注：ΔS、ΔE、Δμ、Δc和Δφ分别代表峰值强度、弹性模量、泊松比、粘聚力和内摩擦角等力学参数的变化百分比，计算公式为，Δf=|f1-f0|/f0×100，f代表力学参数，下标1和0代表流体注入后和流体注入前；“↘”、“↗”分别代表力学参数降低和升高；“/”前、后的数据分别代表干燥、饱水+CO2状态下力学参数. 
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