Sedimentary-Geochemical Characteristics and Potash-Prospecting Potential of Gypsum-Salt Layer in Western Kuqa Depression
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摘要:
库车坳陷西段深部（5 141~5 218 m埋深）已有古近纪固体钾石盐矿（化）层的发现，但对该区域的膏盐层特征及成钾条件、找钾方向仍需做进一步的系统研究. 以油气钻井深部膏盐层岩屑为主要对象，对库车坳陷西段膏盐层的沉积、岩石学特征以及钾、溴氯系数、Sr和S同位素等地球化学特征进行研究，并对该区盐构造特征及演化进行分析. 结果表明，钾及溴氯系数指示秋里塔格构造带以南羊塔-却勒一带成钾条件良好；库姆格列木群膏泥岩段-白云岩段-膏盐岩段沉积特征、钾、溴氯系数以及Sr和S同位素特征指示秋里塔格构造带以北的大北等区域存在潜在成钾区；库姆格列木群砂砾岩段-膏泥岩段沉积特征及盐构造演化分析均表明羊塔-却勒一带可能在成盐期为有利成钾的次级凹陷，且后期保存较好. 综合分析认为库车坳陷西段秋里塔格构造带以南羊塔-却勒一带成钾条件最为有利，且北部存在多个包括大北区在内的找钾远景区.
Abstract:The Paleogene solid potassium salt mineralization has been found in the deep layer (5 141-5 218 m) of western Kuqa Depression, but it is still necessary to further study on the characteristics of gypsum-salt layer, potash conditions and potash-prospecting in the region. Taking the gypsum-salt layer debris in deep oil and gas drillings as object, in this paperit performs research on sedimentary and petrological characteristics of gypsum-salt layer, as well as potassium content, bromine-chlorine coefficient, Sr and S isotopes and other characteristics in western Kuqa Depression. Besides in this paper it also analyzes the salt tectonic characteristics and evolution in the region. The results show that the potassium and bromine-chlorine coefficients are good in Quele-Yangta belt in the south of the Qiulitage tectonic zone, which proves to be a good condition for potash formation. Sedimentary characteristics of Kumugeliemu Group, potassium content, bromine-chlorine coefficient, Sr and S isotopic characteristics indicate the potential potassium formation in the Dabei area, north of the Qiulitage structure belt. Sedimentary characteristics of Kumugeliemu Group and the analysis of the salt structure evolution reveal that Quele-Yangta belt is a favorable secondary depression for potassium in the salt-forming period, which is better preserved in the later period. It is considered that Quele-Yangta belt which is located in the south of Qiulitage tectonic zone in the western Kuqa Depression is the most advantageous area for potassium exploration, besides, there are several potash prospecting areas in the north of Qiulitage, including Dabei district.
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Key words:
- Kuqa Depression /
- sedimentology /
- petrology /
- geochemistry /
- salt structure /
- potash
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图 1 库车坳陷地质构造简图
1.元古宇；2.泥盆系；3.石炭系；4.二叠系；5.三叠系；6.侏罗系；7.下白垩统卡普沙良群；8.古‒始新统库姆格列木群；9.渐‒中新统乌恰群；10.中新统吉迪克组；11.上新统库车组；12.下更新统；13.中更新统；14.上更新统‒全新统；15.全新统；16.地表盐丘；17.库车坳陷边界；18.库车坳陷内构造分带界线；19.钻井位置及编号；20.研究区
Fig. 1. Geological and tectonic map of Kuqa Depression
图 2 库车坳陷西段库姆格列木群厚度等值线图
a. 砂砾岩段；b. 膏泥岩段；c. 白云岩段；d. 膏盐岩段；e. 含膏泥岩段
Fig. 2. Thickness isograms of Kumugeliemu Group in western Kuqa Depression
图 3 泥砾岩盐手标本及镜下特征
a. 采自博孜墩盐丘；b. 采自阿其克苏盐丘；c. 采自盐山口盐丘；d. 采自米斯坎塔克盐席；e.采自大宛其盐丘；f. 采自墩麻扎盐丘；g. 采自羊塔1井4 810 m处；h. 采自大北2井5 274 m处；i. 采自大宛1井4 411 m处. Mc. 泥砾；Hal. 石盐
Fig. 3. Clay-gravel salt rock hand specimens and microscopic features
图 4 库车坳陷西段库姆格列木群岩盐层地球化学等值线图
a. 钾含量；b. 溴氯系数；c. Sr同位素比值
Fig. 4. Geochemistry isograms of salt rock layer of Kumugeliemu Group in western Kuqa Depression
图 5 库车坳陷西段库姆格列木群膏盐层δ34S值等值线图
Fig. 5. δ34S isogram of gypsum-salt layer of Kumugeliemu Group in western Kuqa Depression
图 6 库车坳陷西段盐构造演化剖面（据汪新等，2010）
Fig. 6. Salt structure evolution profiles in western Kuqa Depression (from Wang et al., 2010)
表 1 库车坳陷西段库姆格列木群沉积特征
Table 1. Sedimentary characteristics of Kumugeliemu Group in western Kuqa Depression
系 统 群 段 岩性特征 平均厚度(m) 沉积相 淡┅┅┅┅咸 古近系 始新统 库姆格列木群 含膏泥岩段 中厚-巨厚层状泥岩与厚层状膏质泥岩互层
夹中厚层状泥膏岩，上部夹中厚层粉砂岩6~838
(190)咸水湖相 
膏盐岩段 中厚-巨厚层状岩盐、泥质岩盐夹中厚层状
泥岩、膏质泥岩、泥膏岩、石膏与中厚-巨厚层状盐质泥岩16~3 673
(659.6)盐湖相 古新统 白云岩段 浅灰色中厚层状含灰白云岩，微含膏质 2~150
(20)潟湖相 膏泥岩段 中厚-巨厚层状泥岩、膏质泥岩、石膏、泥质岩盐与中厚层状泥膏岩不等厚互层，夹中厚层状粉砂质泥岩、盐岩，中部夹中厚层状灰质泥岩 6.5~1 170
(102.3)浅湖-潟湖相 砂砾岩段 中厚层状泥质粉砂岩、细砂岩夹薄-中厚层状粉砂质泥岩，底为一薄层砾状砂岩 2.5-121.5
(26.6)冲积扇-滨湖相 
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