Formation Conditions and Geological Significance of Large Archean Buried Hill Reservoirs in Bohai Sea
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摘要: 渤海海域近几年在太古界潜山领域获得了多个大型油气田发现，其中，渤中19-6构造天然气储量超过千亿方，展示了该领域巨大的勘探潜力.变质岩潜山储层规模是制约变质岩勘探的关键因素，落实规模性潜山储层形成条件具有重要的理论和实际意义.综合应用岩心、薄片、扫描电镜等实验资料以及地震资料分析了渤海海域太古界大型变质岩潜山储层形成条件.研究结果表明：富脆性长英质矿物是渤海海域太古界变质岩大型潜山储层发育的重要物质基础，长英质矿物含量控制了裂缝发育程度，也为风化淋滤和深部流体等的溶蚀作用提供了基础条件；多类型压性构造控制了大型裂缝型储层的形成；风化淋滤作用对太古界潜山储层纵向发育的明显控制作用，是影响太古界潜山储层纵向分带的主要因素；深部流体对太古界潜山储层具有重要改善作用，扩大了裂缝的规模.在上述形成条件指导下，建立了太古界大型潜山储层成因模式.Abstract: In recent years, many large oil and gas fields of the Archaean buried hills in the Bohai Sea have been discovered, among which, the natural gas reserves of Bozhong 19-6 structure exceed 100 billion cubic meters, showing the huge exploration potential in this field. The scale of buried hill reservoirs is the key factor restricting the exploration of metamorphic rock. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the formation conditions of large-scale buried hill reservoirs. Based on the experimental data of cores, thin sections, scanning electron microscopy and seismic data, in this paper it systematically analyzes the formation conditions of several large metamorphic buried hill reservoirs in the Bohai Sea area. The results show follows: (1) The brittle felsic minerals are the important material basis for the development of large buried hill reservoirs of Archean metamorphic rocks in Bohai Sea area, which are not only conducive to the development of fractures, but also provide favorable conditions for weathering leaching and dissolution of deep fluids. (2) The multiple types of compressive structures control the formation of large fractured reservoirs. (3) Weathering and leaching is an important factor in the vertical zonation of Archean buried hill reservoir, which obviously controls the vertical development of Archean buried hill reservoirs. (4) The deep fluid plays an important role in improving the Archean buried hill reservoirs, expanding the scale of fractures. Under the guidance of the above formation conditions, the genetic model of Archean large buried hill reservoirs is established.
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Key words:
- Bohai Sea /
- metamorphic rock /
- Archean /
- buried-hill reservoir /
- formation condition /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 渤海海域前新生界古地质图与岩性综合柱状图
Fig. 1. Paleogeological map of pre-Cenozoic and comprehensive histogram of lithology in Bohai Sea area
图 2 渤海海域太古界潜山岩性
a. JZ25-1S-2井，1 751.14~1 751.34 m，片麻岩，岩心照片；b.BZ19-6-7，4 920 m，黑云斜长片麻岩，正交光；c.BZ19-6-2Sa，4 218.5 m，混合片麻岩，岩心照片；d.BZ19-6-4，4 574 m，黑云二长变质花岗岩，正交光；e.BZ19-6-4，4 586 m，斜长片麻质碎裂岩，正交光；f.BZ19-6-1，4 025 m，二长片麻质碎裂岩，正交光；g.JZ25-1S-5，1 793 m，碎裂碎斑岩，正交光；h.JZ25-1S-5，1 793 m，裂缝带中碎基充填，正交光；i.BZ19-6-2Sa，4 076 m，辉绿岩，正交光；j.BZ19-6-2Sa，3 939.5 m，花岗斑岩，岩心照片；k.BZ19-6-16，5 039 m，闪长玢岩，正交光；l.BZ19-6-7，4 613 m，云母片岩，正交光
Fig. 2. Lithology of Archean buried hill in Bohai Sea area
图 4 太古界潜山储层储集空间类型
a. BZ19-6-1，4 035 m，早期风化淋滤缝，正交光；b. BZ26-2-1，3 033.53 m，晶体内部裂缝，单偏光；c. BZ26-2-1，3 030.48 m，多期裂缝切割，单偏光；d. BZ19-6-4，4 421 m，风化砂砾岩，岩心照片；e.BZ19-6-4，4 413 m，风化淋滤溶蚀孔发育，单偏光；f. BZ19-6-1，4 050 m，溶蚀扩大孔，单偏光；g. BZ19-6-9，5 430 m，长石颗粒受构造作用影响出现变形，单偏光；h. BZ19-6-12，5 142 m，裂缝发育，单偏光；i. CFD18-2-2d，4 187 m，岩石破碎产生裂缝，正交光；j. BZ19-6-12井，5 163 m，早期裂缝边缘后期改造新生成裂缝，单偏光；k. BZ19-6-14井，4 600 m，早期裂缝边缘后期改造新生成裂缝，单偏光；l.BZ19-6-15，5 213 m，裂缝中早期白云石溶蚀残余，单偏光
Fig. 4. Reservoir space types of Archean buried hill reservoir
图 5 不同岩性抗压强度应力实验
辽宁鞍山地区野外露头太古界变质岩样品：a.二长花岗伟晶岩，黑云母含量为0%，密度为2.47 g/cm3；变质花岗闪长岩，黑云母含量为12%，密度为2.63 g/cm3；花岗闪长质片麻岩，黑云母含量为16%，密度为2.61 g/cm3；黑云花岗片麻岩，黑云母含量为35%，密度为2.74 g/cm3. b.黑云母塑性变形，碱性长石碎裂化明显
Fig. 5. Compressive strength stress test of different lithologies
图 6 渤海太古界潜山变质岩主要矿物组成
Fig. 6. Main mineral compositions of Archean buried hill metamorphic rocks in Bohai Sea
图 7 渤中19-6构造印支期构造形态及其控储特征
Fig. 7. Structural morphology and reservoir controlling characteristics of Bozhong 19-6 structure in Indochina Epoch
图 8 锦州25-1南油田构造纲要及其走滑断裂控储特征
Fig. 8. Structural outline and strike slip fault reservoir controlled characteristics of Jinzhou 25-1 south oilfield
图 9 大气水‒花岗岩相互作用物理模拟实验
a.实验前花岗岩中的钠长石表面光滑平整；b.花岗岩中的钠长石表面出现微孔（100 ℃，30 MPa）；c.花岗岩中的钾长石周围溶蚀孔（100 ℃，30 MPa）；d.花岗岩中的钠长石沿解理缝溶蚀（150 ℃，30 MPa）；e.钠长石表面出现深沟（200 ℃，30 MPa）；f.钠长石沿解理溶蚀强烈，可见自生石英微弱溶蚀（200 ℃，30 MPa）
Fig. 9. Physical simulation experiment of water-granite interaction in atmosphere
图 10 渤海海域太古界变质岩储层发育厚度与上覆地层厚度关系
Fig. 10. Relationships between development thickness of Archean metamorphic reservoir and thickness of overlying strata in Bohai Sea area
图 11 CO2成因判别图版（底图数据据周心怀等，2017）
Fig. 11. CO2 cause identification charts (modified according to Zhou et al., 2017)
图 12 深部流体溶蚀岩心及显微照片
a.BZ19-6-12，5 273.80~5 274.00 m，溶蚀孔洞；b.BZ19-6-14，4 371.02~4 371.17 m，溶蚀孔洞，可见方解石附着；c.JZ25-1S-C35，2 050.56~ 2 050.76 m，溶蚀孔洞；d.JZ25-1S-2，1 865.40 m，黄铁矿发育；e. BZ19-6-3，4 234 m，黄铁矿胶结；f.BZ19-6-7，4 700 m，沿裂缝溶蚀扩大孔；g. BZ19-6-5，4 390 m，黄铁矿、铁白云石和铁方解石充填裂缝
Fig. 12. Deep fluid eroded cores and micrographs
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