Ichnofabrics and Sedimentary Environments of Middle and Lower Members of Middle Triassic Ermaying Formation in Jiyuan, West Henan Province
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摘要: 豫西济源中三叠统二马营组中、下段发育丰富的陆相遗迹化石，共鉴定出7属9种，包括：Skolithos linearis、Palaeophycus tubularis、Palaeophycus alternatus、Scoyenia gracilis、Planolites beverleyensis、Planolites montanus、Taenidium barretti、Didymaulichnus roualti和根迹，识别出5种遗迹组构：（1）Skolithos遗迹组构，代表泥质、细砂质的河流或滨湖环境；（2）Palaeophycus-Planolites遗迹组构，代表低‒中等水能河流堤岸或滨湖泥坪环境；（3）Scoyenia遗迹组构，代表周期性淹没的洪泛平原环境；（4）Taenidium遗迹组构，代表半干旱气候下的洪泛平原环境；（5）Rhizoliths遗迹组构，代表半干旱气候条件下、中‒低等水能的河流堤岸或河漫环境. 二马营组中、下段遗迹组构及沉积特征反映河湖相沉积环境，自下而上相继发育辫状河‒曲流河‒滨浅湖沉积，该沉积期气候以半干旱‒温湿的多次交替为特征，同时伴随着氧化条件与还原条件的交替.Abstract: Abundant terrestrial ichnofossils were recovered from the middle and lower members of the Middle Triassic Ermaying Formation in Jiyuan area, West Henan Province. A total of 7 ichnogenera and 9 ichnospecies have been found and identified, including Skolithos linearis, Palaeophycus tubularis, Palaeophycus alternatus, Scoyenia gracilis, Planolites beverleyensis, Planolites montanus, Taenidium barretti, Didymaulichnus roualti and rhizoliths. According to the pattern, composition and distribution of ichnofossils, five kinds of ichnofabrics have been discriminated: (1) Skolithos ichnofabric represents the fluvial or shore lacustrine sedimentary environment with mud, fine sand deposits; (2) Palaeophycus-Planolites ichnofabric appears in the sedimentary environment of low-medium hydropower fluvial embankment or lacustrine mudflat deposits; (3) Scoyenia ichnofabric forms in the periodically submerged flood plain sedimentary environment; (4) Taenidium ichnofabric emerges from the flood plain environment under semi-arid climate; (5) rhizoliths ichnofabric preserves from embank oroverbank environment under semi-arid climate conditions. Based on the ichnofabrics and sedimentary characteristics, fluvio-lacustrine strata are dominant in the middle and lower members of the Ermaying Formation. From bottom to top, braided stream-meandering river-lacustrine deposits were formed successively. It can be divided into six sedimentary subfacies: meandering channel subfacies, embankment subfacies, overbank subfacies, braided channel subfacies, floodplain subfacies and shore lacuetrine subfacies. The whole sedimentary period is characterized by alternation of humid and semi-arid, with the transformation from reduction environment to oxidation environment.
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Key words:
- ichnofabric /
- Middle Triassic /
- sedimentary environments /
- West Henan Province /
- sedimentology /
- environmental geology
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图 1 研究区位置及地质背景略图
a.全球中三叠世古地理图，底图来自Ron Blakey，
https://deeptimemaps.com/global-series/ ；b.研究区位置及济源盆地地质背景简图，修改自胡斌等（2009）Fig. 1. Location and geological background of the study area
图 2 豫西济源二马营组中、下段遗迹化石分布
Fig. 2. Distribution of ichnofossils in the middle and lower members of the Ermaying Formation in Jiyuan, West Henan Province
图 3 豫西济源二马营组中、下段遗迹化石1
a，b，c.Skolithos linearis；d.Palaeophycus tubularis；e.Palaeophycus alternatus；f.Palaeophycus tubularis；g.Palaeophycus alternatus；h.Palaeophycus tubularis；i.Scoyenia gracilis；j.Palaeophycus tubularis；k.Planolites beverleyensis和Skolithos linearis；l.Palaeophycus tubularis
Fig. 3. Ichnofossils of the middle and lower parts of the Ermaying Formation in Jiyuan, West Henan Province
图 4 豫西济源二马营组中、下段遗迹化石2
a，b，c. Taenidium barretti；d. Rhizoliths；e. Planolites beverleyensis和Planolites montanus；f. Didymaulichnus roualti（5角硬币：2 cm）；g，h. Scoyenia gracilis
Fig. 4. Ichnofossils of the middle and lower parts of the Ermaying Formation in Jiyuan, West Henan Province
图 5 豫西济源二马营组中、下段遗迹组构分布模式
Fig. 5. Distribution patterns of ichnofossils in the middle and lower members of the Ermaying Formation in Jiyuan, West Henan Province
图 6 豫西济源二马营组中、下段遗迹组构与沉积环境演化
Fig. 6. Evolution of sedimentary environments and ichnofabrics in the middle and lower members of the Ermaying Formation in Jiyuan, West Henan Province
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