Main Influencing Factors of Braided-Meander Transition and Coexistence Characteristics and Implications of Ancient Fluvial Sedimentary Environment Reconstruction
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摘要: 河流辫曲转换与共存是自然地理学、水力学、河流沉积地质方面的研究热点问题，也对古代河流沉积环境恢复与储层预测有重要借鉴意义.首先对河流辫曲转换与共存特征的主要影响因素进行了探讨，指出构造变动与地貌单元、坡度（坡降）的陡缓差异、物源远近与水动力条件、气候变化与植被发育状况、海/湖平面变化等主要因素控制着辫曲河型转换过程，其中构造变动与地貌单元是最为关键因素；然后总结了辫曲转换与共存这一理念对古代河流沉积恢复研究的4点启示；再以鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田中二叠统下部的下石盒子组为例，结合测井曲线特征、地震属性与砂岩厚度分布规律，把辫曲转换与共存的理念应用于古代河流沉积环境恢复之中，最终再现了气田区H21砂层河流沉积分布格局，明确了该区北辫南曲、辫曲转换与共存的规律，指出在辫曲转换地带与相邻的曲流河发育的区域更易于产生废弃河道.Abstract: The braided-meander transition and coexistence phenomenon is a hot issue in physical geography, hydraulics and fluvial sedimentary geology. It also has important reference significance for ancient fluvial sedimentary environment reconstruction and reservoir prediction. Firstly, it discusses the main influencing factors of the characteristics of fluvial braided-meander transition and coexistence, and points out that the main factors such as structural change and geomorphic unit, the difference of slope gradient, the distance of provenance and hydrodynamic conditions, climate change and vegetation development, sea/lake level change control the process of braid river type transformation. Among them, tectonic change and geomorphic unit are the key factors. Then, four implications of the concept of braided-meander transition on the study of ancient river sedimentary facies reconstruction are summarized. Taking the Lower Shihezi Formation in the lower part of the Middle Permian in Daniudi gas field, Ordos basin, as an example, combined with the characteristics of well-logging curves, seismic attributes and sandstone thickness distribution law, the concept of braided-meander transition and coexistence was applied to the reconstruction of ancient fluvial environment. Finally, fluvial sedimentary distribution pattern of H21 sand bed in the gas field area was reconstructed. It is indicated that braided river prevailed in the northern part and meandering river was mainly developed in the southern part in the gas field area. It is pointed out that it is easier to form abandoned river channels in the braided-meander zone and the adjacent meandering river area.
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图 1 阿拉斯加Umiat地区东北部辫曲共存照片
Fig. 1. A picture of braided and meandering river coexistence in the northeast of Umiat region, Alaska (taken in July 1979)
图 2 雅鲁藏布江曲水县到桑日县的辫曲转换河段卫星照片（图片截取自谷歌地图）
水流方向从左至右（由西向东）
Fig. 2. Satellite photos of braided and meandering transition section from Qushui County to Sangri County of Yarlung Zangbo River (pictures from Google map)
图 3 西辽河上游段辫曲转换河段（图片截取自谷歌地图）
Fig. 3. Braided-meander transition section in the upper reach of West Liaohe River (the picture is taken from Google map)
图 4 勒拿河三角洲区域的河流辫曲共存与转换现象
图片源自百度地图 . 该三角洲是北极地区面积最大的，流域面积约 为 29 000 km2（Julia et al.，2009）
Fig. 4. Coexistence and transformation of braided-meander in Lena River delta
图 5 坡度不同河型变化示意图
据 Rosgen（1994）修改 . Aa+与 A 为直流河；B、C、E 为弯度不同的曲流河；D 为辫状河；DA 为网状河；F 为宽而浅的限制性曲流河，很少发育泛 滥平原；G 为窄而深的限制性曲流河，不发育泛滥平原，弯曲度比 E 要小
Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of changes in river types with different slopes
图 6 河流辫曲转换的垂向变化示例图
a. 大港刘官庄刘 6-22 井辫曲转换示例；b. 大牛地区 DK15 井辫曲转换示例
Fig. 6. Examples of vertical change about fluvial braided-meander transition
图 7 辫曲转换与共存的河流沉积相平面分布示例图（据李胜利等，2015修改）
Fig. 7. Examples of plane distribution of fluvial sedimentary facies with braided-meander transition and coexistence
图 8 辫曲转换与共存的连井剖面示例
Fig. 8. Well-to-well correlation section with braided-meander transition and coexistence
图 9 地震属性与沉积参数（砂厚）相关性分析示例图
a. 大牛地地区地震 RMS（均方根振幅）属性分布图；b. 大牛地地区砂岩厚度与 RMS 属性相关性分析图；ST 代表砂岩厚度
Fig. 9. Diagram of correlation analysis between a seismic attribute and a sedimentary parameter
图 10 大牛地地区砂厚分布与测井响应图
Fig. 10. Sandstone thickness distribution and well-logging response map in the Daniudi area
图 11 大牛地地区不同河型识别典型测井图版
Fig. 11. Typical well-logging charts for identification of different river types in the Daniudi area
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