Influence of Underground Space Development on Groundwater Flow Field in Su-Xi-Chang Area
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摘要: 定量研究城市地下空间开发对地下水环境的影响，对于城市地下空间合理开发及精准管理具有重要的理论和实际意义.深入探讨地下空间开发程度高且典型的苏锡常地区城市地下空间开发对地下水流场的影响.在构建苏锡常地区水文地质概念模型的基础上，建立地下水流数值模型，基于校正后的地下水流数值模型，预测地铁运行对地下水流场的影响.由于地铁对地下径流的阻碍作用，迎水面地下水位出现0~0.4 m的壅高，背水面地下水位出现0~0.8 m的下降，并引起17.56 km范围内的水力梯度增大.地铁投入运行之后，地铁附近地下水位变幅前5年较大，后5年较小；地下水径流方向在局部发生变化，而区域流向没有发生显著改变.Abstract: Quantitative research on the impact of urban underground space development on groundwater environment has important theoretical and practical significance for rational development and accurate management of urban underground space. In this paper it discusses the influence of urban underground space development on groundwater flow in Su-Xi-Chang area. Based on construction of the hydrogeological conceptual model of Su-Xi-Chang area, the groundwater flow numerical model was established. Based on the corrected groundwater flow numerical model, the influence of subway operation on groundwater flow was predicted. Due to the obstruction of underground runoff by subway, the upstream groundwater level increases by 0-0.4 m, while the backwater level decreases by 0-0.8 m, increasing the hydraulic gradient in the range of 17.56 km. After the subway is put into operation, the variation in groundwater level near the subway is larger in the first five years and smaller in the second five years. The direction of groundwater runoff changes locally, but the regional direction does not change significantly.
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图 1 研究区范围及水文地质条件示意
a.研究区范围及潜水、Ⅰ承压水富水性分区示意；b.太湖‒长江水文地质剖面（改编于Bu et al.，2020）
Fig. 1. Schematic diagrams of study area and hydrogeological conditions
图 2 研究区承压观测井位置及边界条件示意
Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of position and boundary conditions of pressure observation wells in the study area
图 3 承压观测孔水位对比
a. Ⅰ承压5102、Ⅲ承压3085观测孔水位对比图；b. Ⅱ承压3077、3162、3247、4038、Ⅲ承压3163观测孔水位对比图；c.承压井观测孔模拟水位与观测水位散点图
Fig. 3. Comparison diagrams of water level of confined observation hole
图 4 承压水含水层参数和越流系数分区
a.Ⅰ承压含水层参数分区；b. Ⅱ承压含水层参数分区；c. Ⅲ承压含水层参数分区；d.Ⅰ-Ⅱ承压含水层越流系数分区；e.Ⅱ-Ⅲ承压水含水层参数和越流系数分区
Fig. 4. Zonal diagrams of parameters and overflow coefficient of confined water aquifer
图 5 苏锡常地铁投入前后Ⅰ承压流场示意
a.2010年地铁未投入预测Ⅰ承压流场；b.2010年地铁投入初期预测Ⅰ承压流场；c.2015年地铁未投入预测Ⅰ承压流场；d.2015年地铁投入预测Ⅰ承压流场；e.2020年地铁未投入预测Ⅰ承压流场；f.2020年地铁投入预测Ⅰ承压流场
Fig. 5. Ⅰ Schematic diagrams of confined flow field before and after Su-Xi-Chang metro
表 1 Ⅰ承压含水层水文地质参数
Table 1. Hydrogeological parameters of confined aquifer Ⅰ
分区代号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 含水层渗透系数K（m/d） 40 40 37.5 30 25 22.5 17.5 15 10 贮水系数μ* 0.006 0 0.005 5 0.007 5 0.006 0 0.006 0 0.009 5 0.008 5 0.006 5 0.004 5 
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表 2 Ⅱ承压含水层水文地质参数
Table 2. Hydrogeological parameters of confined aquifer Ⅱ
分区代号 渗透系数K（m/d） 贮水系数μ* 分区代号 渗透系数K（m/d） 贮水系数μ* 1 50 0.008 5 14 10 0.002 0 2 40 0.004 5 15 6.67 0.004 0 3 33.33 0.005 5 16 5 0.005 5 4 26.67 0.008 5 17 5 0.003 5 5 26.67 0.004 5 18 4.17 0.004 5 6 23.33 0.007 5 19 2.67 0.001 3 7 21.67 0.006 5 20 2.67 0.003 5 8 20 0.007 5 21 1.67 0.004 5 9 20 0.006 0 22 1 0.001 2 10 16.67 0.006 5 23 1 0.000 4 11 13.33 0.008 0 24 1 0.000 6 12 13.33 0.003 5 25 0.67 0.000 35 13 10 0.003 5
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表 3 Ⅲ承压含水层水文地质参数
Table 3. Hydrogeological parameters of confined aquifer Ⅲ
分区代号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 渗透系数K（m/d） 125 125 60 50 5 40 25 25 17.5 14 7.5 5 贮水系数μ* 0.009 0.005 0.004 0.008 0.007 5 0.005 0.007 0.005 5 0.003 0.005 5 0.003 0.001
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表 4 Ⅰ-Ⅱ承压含水层和Ⅱ-Ⅲ承压含水层间弱透水层越流系数分区
Table 4. Partition of overflow coefficients of Ⅰ-Ⅱ and Ⅱ-Ⅲ confined aquifers
分区代号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ⅰ-Ⅱ承压含水层间越流系数(1/d) Ⅰ、Ⅱ承压含水层连通区 0.0005 8 0.000 5 0.000 01 0.000 004 0.000 001 0.000 000 5 0.000 000 3 Ⅱ-Ⅲ承压含水层间越流系数(1/d) Ⅱ、Ⅲ承压含水层连通区 0.000 1 0.000 01 0.000 008 0.000 005 0.000 003 0.000 001 0.000 001
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表 5 模型中考虑的地铁线路情况表
Table 5. Subway lines considered in the model
地铁线路 修建年份 苏州二号线 2009年 苏州三号线 2014年 苏州四号线 2012年 苏州五号线 2016年 无锡一号线 2009年 无锡二号线 2011年 无锡三号线 2016年 无锡四号线 2018年 常州一号线 2014年 常州二号线 2017年
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