Genetic Linking between Pegmatite⁃Type Veined Molybdenum Deposit and Dichishan Highly Differentiated Granite in West Sichuan
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摘要: 为查明川西滴痴山高分异花岗岩与伟晶岩型脉状钼矿的成因联系，开展了岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb及辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄研究.结果显示，滴痴山花岗岩体具高的SiO2(72.95%~75.44%)、Al2O3(13.93%~14.99%)和A/CNK(1.11~1.25)，为高钾钙碱性和过铝质系列，富集高场强元素Th、Ce、Zr、Sm及大离子亲石元素Rb，亏损高场强元素Hf、Yb及大离子亲石元素Ba.滴痴山花岗岩中锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb加权平均年龄为201.9±0.8 Ma，锆石log fO2=-15.40±2.89，△FMQ=-0.40±2.89，为低氧逸度环境；伟晶岩中辉钼矿Re-Os年龄为188.6±4.8 Ma.滴痴山花岗岩为燕山早期高分异S型花岗岩，形成于后碰撞环境，为松潘‒甘孜地块南缘岩石圈从挤压向伸展构造体制的转换期.松潘‒甘孜地区伟晶岩型脉状辉钼矿的发现，为川西九龙地区钨钼矿找矿勘探工作拓宽了思路.Abstract: To find out the genetic linking between the Dichishan highly differentiated granite and pegmatite vein molybdenum deposit in West Sichuan, the petrogeochemistry, zircon U-Pb and molybdenite Re-Os isotopic age were studied in this paper. Samples from the Dichishan granite show variable SiO2 of 72.95%-75.44% and are characterized by Al2O3(13.93%- 14.99%) and high aluminum saturation index (A/CNK=1.11-1.25). They are high K calc-alkaline and peraluminous series, enriched in high field strength elements Th, Ce, Zr, Sm and large ion lithophile element Rb, depleted in high field strength elements Hf, Yb and large ion lithophile element Ba. The molybdenite Re-Os weighted mean age is 188.6±4.8 Ma (MSWD=0.90), which is consistent with LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results of the granite yielded 206Pb/238U ages of 201.9±0.8 Ma. The oxygen fugacity parameter of zircon shows its low oxygen fugacity (log fO2=-15.40±2.89, △FMQ=-0.403±2.89). It proposes that the Dichishan granite batholith was emplaced in a syn-collisional setting, formed in early Yanshannian highly fractionated S-type granite. It represents the transition period of tectonic system from lithospheric compression to extensional in the southern margin of the Songpan-Garze Block. The discovery broadens the perspectives about mineral exploration in Jiulong region and its surrounding areas in West Sichuan.
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Key words:
- Songpan-Garze block /
- West Sichuan /
- Re-Os dating of molybdenite /
- zircon /
- S-granite /
- ore geology /
- geochemistry
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图 1 川西九龙及其邻区地质略图
YZB.扬子地块；NCC.华北克拉通；TP.青藏高原；LYFTZ.龙门山‒盐源前陆逆冲带；SGOB.松潘‒甘孜地块；GLSZ.甘孜‒理塘蛇绿混杂岩带；JSZ.金沙江蛇绿混杂岩带；YPA.义敦岛弧；QCB.羌塘‒昌都陆块；XSF.鲜水河走滑断层(数据来源：万传辉等，2011；袁静等，2011；周家云等, 2013, 2014；李同柱等，2016；Dai et al.，2017；Zhou et al.，2017；谭洪旗，2019；Zhan et al.，2020；谭洪旗等, 2022a, 2022b, 2023)
Fig. 1. Geological sketch map of the Jiulong region and its adjacent areas in West Sichuan
图 2 滴痴山花岗岩、伟晶岩及辉钼矿关系
a.伟晶岩与扎尕山组(T3zg)地层呈侵入接触关系；b.伟晶岩中的团块状辉钼矿；c.滴痴山二长花岗岩，表面分布有石榴石；d.二长花岗岩显微镜下矿物组成；Kfs.钾长石；Qtz.石英；Pl.斜长石；Mus.白云母；γρ.花岗伟晶岩；Μοl.辉钼矿；Grt.石榴石；T3zg.扎尕山组
Fig. 2. Field relationship of granite and pegmatite in Dichishan area
图 4 滴痴山花岗岩的TAS、K2O‒SiO2和A/NK‒A/NCK图解
a.TAS图解(Le Bas et al.，1986)；b.K2O‒SiO2图解(Rollinson，1993)；c.A/NK‒A/NCK图解(Maniar and Piccoli, 1989)
Fig. 4. TAS, K2O vs SiO2, A/NK vs. A/NCK diagrams of Dichishan granite
图 5 滴痴山花岗岩球粒陨石标准化稀土配分图解(a)和微量元素配分图解(b)
球粒陨石标准值引自Sun and McDonough(1989)
Fig. 5. Chondrite-normalized REE diagram (a) and trace element diagram (b) for Dichishan granite
图 6 川西滴痴山花岗岩锆石U-Pb谐和图(a)及锆石稀土球粒陨石标准化配分图(b)
球粒陨石标准值引自Sun and McDonough (1989)
Fig. 6. Zircon U-Pb concordia diagram (a) of the Dichishan granite and chondrite-normalized REE patterns of zircon (b)
图 7 滴痴山岩体辉钼矿Re-Os等时线(a)及加权平均年龄图(b)
Fig. 7. Molybdenite Re-Os isochron age diagram (a) and weighted average dating of the Dichishan granite (b)
图 8 滴痴山花岗岩岩浆氧逸度判别
HM.磁铁矿‒赤铁矿；MNO.镍‒氧化镍；FMQ.铁橄榄石‒磁铁矿+石英；IW.自然铁‒方铁矿；QIF.石英‒自然铁‒铁橄榄石
Fig. 8. Magma oxygen fugacity discrimination diagram for the Dichishan granite
图 9 滴痴山花岗岩的地球化学判别图解
a.A=n(Al2O3‒Na2O‒K2O)，C=n(Cao)，F=n(FeOT) 图解(据Chappell and white, 1992)；b.10 000Ga/Al‒Nb图解(据Whalen et al.，1987)；c.10 000Ga/Al‒Y图解(据Whalen et al.，1987)
Fig. 9. Geochemical discrimination diagrams of Dichishan granite
图 10 滴痴山花岗岩的构造判别图解(据Pearce et al., 1984)
a. Y+Nb‒Rb图解；b. Yb+Ta‒Rb图解
Fig. 10. Tectonic setting discrimination diagrams (after Pearce et al., 1984)
表 1 滴痴山花岗岩体的化学成分
Table 1. Major and trace element compositions of Dichishan granite
编号 PM011-1-1 PM011-1-2 PM020-129 PM020-161 PM020-60 PM020-95 二长花岗岩 二长花岗岩 二长花岗岩 二长花岗岩 二长花岗岩 二长花岗岩 SiO2 75.44 75.35 75.34 73.14 72.95 74.24 TiO2 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.09 0.02 Al2O3 13.93 13.94 14.29 14.99 14.48 14.64 Fe2O3 0.73 0.72 0.11 0.12 0.05 0.29 FeO ‒ ‒ 0.58 0.63 1.24 0.48 MnO 0.06 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 MgO 0.06 0.07 0.20 0.22 0.34 0.18 CaO 0.63 0.71 0.68 0.67 0.98 0.51 Na2O 4.32 4.02 4.89 3.71 3.65 4.48 K2O 3.37 2.98 3.30 5.21 4.70 3.77 P2O5 0.03 0.03 0.09 0.11 0.18 0.12 LOI 1.42 1.14 0.39 0.41 0.48 0.52 Total 100.01 99.04 99.99 99.33 99.10 99.34 TFe2O3 0.73 0.72 0.75 0.82 1.22 0.82 K2O+Na2O 7.69 7.00 8.19 8.92 8.35 8.25 K2O/Na2O 0.78 0.74 0.67 1.40 1.29 0.84 A/CNK 1.17 1.25 1.11 1.16 1.12 1.18 A/NK 1.44 1.48 1.41 1.68 1.43 1.46 Li ‒ ‒ 37.3 22.6 50.4 37.4 Cs 5.87 5.99 4.08 2.10 4.52 3.56 Rb 232 203 312 191 207 247 Sr 39.6 42.2 16.1 68.5 147 16.1 Ba 49.4 54.7 10.0 142 454 10.0 Ga 14.3 14.2 27.4 17.7 22.7 21.7 Nb 31.3 32.2 27.0 11.1 17.7 14.6 Ta < 0.1 0.12 5.06 1.17 2.14 1.80 Zr 33.8 24.1 31.9 19.6 73.0 29.5 Hf 0.28 0.50 1.87 0.73 2.41 1.54 Th 7.35 5.88 4.04 5.40 13.0 1.70 U 7.91 7.50 6.77 2.13 7.14 4.76 Sc 0.33 0.34 0.50 1.25 1.55 1.00 La 7.71 5.37 3.79 7.64 25.0 1.61 Ce 12.7 8.82 6.50 13.1 39.8 2.74 Pr 1.27 0.88 0.76 1.52 4.45 0.32 Nd 3.98 2.83 2.13 4.91 13.7 0.96 Sm 1.28 0.96 0.93 1.58 3.05 0.35 Eu 0.12 0.11 0.036 0.23 0.51 0.026 Gd 1.20 1.30 1.05 1.75 3.38 0.38 Tb 0.37 0.32 0.26 0.31 0.57 0.095 Dy 2.16 1.88 1.54 1.58 2.90 0.52 Ho 0.40 0.34 0.28 0.23 0.45 0.09 Er 1.17 1.07 0.84 0.51 1.02 0.28 Tm 0.16 0.16 0.14 0.075 0.14 0.045 Yb 1.13 1.02 0.91 0.51 0.84 0.36 Lu 0.17 0.15 0.13 0.064 0.12 0.043 Y 9.84 8.25 12.8 8.80 12.0 6.20 Cu < 0.01 < 0.01 1.8 0.80 2.00 1.50 Pb 42.3 34.3 32.3 42.9 42.7 22.6 Zn 35.7 33 61.8 25.9 44.1 29.1 V 7.78 8.53 11.1 5.30 9.00 8.65 Cr 6.3 6.36 8.70 5.70 7.60 9.05 Co < 0.01 < 0.01 3.20 3.50 4.30 2.90 Ni 0.085 < 0.01 1.00 1.10 2.90 1.00 ΣREE 33.8 25.2 19.3 34.0 95.9 7.82 LREE 27.1 19.0 14.2 29.0 86.5 6.01 HREE 6.76 6.24 5.15 5.03 9.42 1.81 LREE/HREE 4.00 3.04 2.75 5.76 9.18 3.31 LaN/YbN 4.89 3.78 2.99 10.8 21.4 3.21 δEu 0.29 0.30 0.11 0.42 0.48 0.22 δCe 0.90 0.90 0.89 0.89 0.85 0.88 T(℃) 621 603 609 575 677 609 注：测试单位：中国地质科学院矿产综合利用研究所.T(℃)为锆石饱和温度，文献见 Boehnke et al.(2013) .主量元素单位为%，微量元素为10‒6.
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表 2 滴痴山花岗岩岩体样品LA⁃ICP⁃MS锆石U⁃Pb年龄数据
Table 2. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb isotopic age data of Dichishan granite
分析点 Th(10-6) U(10-6) Th/U 同位素比值 同位素年龄(Ma) T(℃) 207Pb/
206Pb1σ 207Pb/
235U1σ 206Pb/
238U1σ 207Pb/
206Pb1σ 207Pb/
235U1σ 206Pb/
238U1σ 1 510 1 408 0.36 0.053 22 0.001 39 0.230 78 0.005 56 0.031 43 0.000 24 338 58 211 5 200 2 789 2 201 657 0.31 0.057 74 0.001 29 0.536 02 0.010 83 0.067 29 0.000 50 520 48 436 7 420 3 736 3 502 3 875 0.13 0.059 35 0.001 23 0.262 49 0.004 85 0.032 06 0.000 22 580 44 237 4 203 1 770 4 86 213 0.40 0.062 58 0.001 54 0.751 25 0.017 07 0.087 02 0.000 71 694 52 569 10 538 4 1 024 5 125 610 0.21 0.049 91 0.001 39 0.219 10 0.005 68 0.031 82 0.000 25 191 63 201 5 202 2 728 6 228 736 0.31 0.052 77 0.003 16 0.231 33 0.013 40 0.031 78 0.000 47 319 130 211 11 202 3 750 7 102 798 0.13 0.066 70 0.001 07 0.915 48 0.012 29 0.099 51 0.000 64 828 33 660 7 612 4 841 8 486 1 150 0.42 0.060 16 0.001 36 0.262 15 0.005 35 0.031 59 0.000 23 610 48 236 4 201 1 819 9 493 939 0.53 0.051 77 0.001 13 0.228 83 0.004 52 0.032 05 0.000 22 275 49 209 4 203 1 775 10 580 1 385 0.42 0.050 05 0.000 86 0.217 79 0.003 20 0.031 55 0.000 20 197 40 200 3 200 1 849 11 657 2 262 0.29 0.052 52 0.000 92 0.230 64 0.003 48 0.031 84 0.000 20 308 40 211 3 202 1 839 12 128 697 0.18 0.050 19 0.001 59 0.219 44 0.006 56 0.031 70 0.000 28 204 72 201 5 201 2 722 13 269 881 0.31 0.052 07 0.001 36 0.229 38 0.005 55 0.031 95 0.000 25 288 59 210 5 203 2 795 14 494 1 974 0.25 0.052 79 0.001 12 0.228 71 0.004 33 0.031 42 0.000 22 320 47 209 4 199 1 828 15 219 434 0.50 0.052 34 0.002 21 0.231 23 0.009 36 0.032 04 0.000 35 300 94 211 8 203 2 783 16 238 668 0.36 0.075 61 0.001 27 1.617 56 0.023 18 0.155 16 0.001 08 1 085 33 977 9 930 6 772 17 213 1 091 0.20 0.051 23 0.002 05 0.223 27 0.008 53 0.031 61 0.000 33 251 89 205 7 201 2 786 18 137 395 0.35 0.057 70 0.002 18 0.554 59 0.019 97 0.069 71 0.000 76 518 81 448 13 434 5 904 19 144 550 0.26 0.051 64 0.001 40 0.228 32 0.005 77 0.032 07 0.000 25 269 61 209 5 204 2 721 20 51 136 0.37 0.058 16 0.002 76 0.673 75 0.030 92 0.084 03 0.001 13 535 101 523 19 520 7 819 21 72 191 0.38 0.062 76 0.001 79 0.758 13 0.020 30 0.087 63 0.000 80 700 60 573 12 542 5 806 22 455 941 0.48 0.056 21 0.001 62 0.221 93 0.005 95 0.028 64 0.000 24 460 63 204 5 182 2 894 23 524 1 112 0.47 0.050 04 0.000 91 0.220 22 0.003 49 0.031 92 0.000 20 197 42 202 3 203 1 829 24 92 245 0.38 0.056 80 0.001 22 0.671 50 0.013 00 0.085 76 0.000 63 483 47 522 8 530 4 795 25 74 204 0.36 0.057 96 0.002 13 0.678 30 0.023 82 0.084 90 0.000 92 528 79 526 14 525 5 796 26 136 229 0.59 0.051 82 0.002 58 0.230 18 0.011 06 0.032 23 0.000 40 277 110 210 9 205 3 916 27 378 992 0.38 0.051 13 0.000 95 0.225 38 0.003 66 0.031 98 0.000 21 247 42 206 3 203 1 825 28 33 110 0.30 0.062 68 0.002 47 0.747 27 0.028 17 0.086 50 0.001 01 697 82 567 16 535 6 1 368 29 294 1 099 0.27 0.052 08 0.001 18 0.229 43 0.004 71 0.031 96 0.000 23 289 51 210 4 203 1 802 30 210 901 0.23 0.051 88 0.001 17 0.229 30 0.004 70 0.032 06 0.000 23 280 51 210 4 204 1 758 注：测试单位：西北大学大陆动力学国家重点实验室，测试者弓化栋.
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表 3 滴痴山花岗岩锆石的微量元素数据
Table 3. Zircon trace element data of Dichishan granite in Jiulong region
样品 P Ti Nb La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Y Hf ΣREE L/H δEu δCe T(℃) 1 548 7.80 6.50 0.037 13.35 0.140 2.98 7.48 1.78 41.21 13.98 153.3 49.7 201.3 40.8 399.3 74.0 1 705 7 841 999 0.03 0.25 26.8 789 2 377 4.50 3.40 < 0.025 11.37 0.064 1.10 2.69 0.08 21.15 8.59 112.1 43.2 200.7 40.9 383.7 69.0 1 322 12 299 894 0.02 0.02 55.2 736 3 674 6.40 24.3 3.13 12.07 0.580 4.31 9.54 1.51 58.92 25.49 277.4 82.0 295.7 52.3 442.7 67.6 2 661 11 153 1 333 0.02 0.15 2.0 770 4 359 51.1 1.60 2.05 7.75 0.672 4.02 3.19 < 0.061 13.05 4.78 60.6 22.2 97.6 19.8 185.1 33.5 681 8 557 454 0.04 0.86 1.6 1 024 5 326 4.10 4.90 < 0.031 2.85 0.060 0.90 3.16 0.53 18.81 6.30 66.9 21.9 91.1 18.1 170.9 31.7 749 8 162 433 0.02 0.16 14.7 728 6 377 5.20 5.30 < 0.032 6.64 0.088 1.90 3.88 0.64 21.60 7.27 78.6 27.9 127.6 25.7 266.7 50.1 969 7 860 619 0.02 0.17 23.4 750 7 413 12.6 4.80 0.109 8.28 0.143 1.34 2.61 0.47 14.86 5.95 78.3 30.9 150.9 35.7 380.7 73.9 968 10 982 784 0.02 0.18 13.8 841 8 333 10.3 10.9 0.078 14.90 0.200 3.18 7.90 1.61 36.59 12.48 129.8 43.4 177.7 35.6 337.4 61.9 1 471 7 410 863 0.03 0.24 20.0 819 9 298 6.80 6.40 0.073 12.23 0.507 6.99 10.16 1.96 40.00 11.80 114.5 36.0 135.8 25.2 224.8 38.8 1 197 7 174 659 0.05 0.26 7.1 775 10 406 13.5 14.8 < 0.031 19.78 0.219 4.50 8.88 1.95 50.08 16.25 165.2 52.3 204.1 39.0 361.8 64.4 1 763 7 746 988 0.04 0.22 28.0 849 11 603 12.4 20.3 0.112 10.57 0.196 3.29 9.29 1.41 56.01 20.43 217.7 71.0 281.0 52.6 474.2 81.5 2 334 8 311 1 279 0.02 0.15 13.6 839 12 243 3.90 4.10 < 0.044 2.66 0.032 1.01 2.20 0.31 11.50 4.09 45.1 14.8 61.1 11.7 108.9 19.0 506 10 198 282 0.02 0.15 25.8 722 13 234 8.20 6.70 0.020 7.36 0.163 2.80 5.10 0.89 24.12 6.63 62.4 18.5 72.2 14.1 135.9 25.2 650 8 299 375 0.05 0.20 13.4 795 14 464 11.2 21.8 0.475 15.58 0.450 5.04 8.34 1.95 43.70 16.40 177.5 59.1 241.7 48.3 459.0 83.6 2 003 8 379 1 161 0.03 0.25 7.6 828 15 1 054 7.30 6.20 20.97 62.21 4.370 18.62 6.13 1.79 17.40 5.94 66.7 26.0 114.9 25.2 255.0 49.3 883 6 048 675 0.20 0.49 1.5 783 16 300 6.50 5.9 < 0.033 23.68 0.045 1.27 2.49 0.21 16.69 6.66 87.7 34.4 166.7 36.7 374.0 69.5 1 063 10 759 820 0.03 0.07 163.4 772 17 453 7.60 6.70 < 0.033 3.71 0.066 0.96 5.15 0.65 31.39 10.80 116.5 35.4 135.1 25.2 225.6 39.2 1 207 9 088 630 0.02 0.12 17.5 786 18 227 21.5 2.10 < 0.037 3.91 < 0.031 0.84 2.06 0.06 13.47 5.39 66.9 26.6 121.1 25.0 238.7 42.0 814 12 022 546 0.01 0.02 3.8 904 19 288 3.80 5.30 < 0.040 4.82 0.057 0.92 2.04 0.53 12.73 4.71 55.9 21.3 97.9 21.2 216.9 41.9 727 8 147 481 0.02 0.24 26.3 721 20 606 10.3 1.10 5.20 14.62 1.600 10.04 5.22 0.18 21.64 7.33 83.9 31.6 136.3 27.1 250.8 46.0 956 8 279 642 0.06 0.04 1.2 819 21 364 9.10 1.50 < 0.056 3.15 0.047 0.79 2.61 0.08 15.62 6.16 78.9 30.7 138.8 28.4 270.9 49.4 927 9 102 626 0.01 0.03 20.8 806 22 342 19.8 8.20 0.593 19.70 0.259 5.00 10.47 2.67 50.51 14.48 130.6 39.9 155.1 29.5 272.9 48.8 1 338 8 565 781 0.05 0.29 12.3 894 23 340 11.3 10.6 0.909 16.94 0.405 4.20 6.54 1.39 32.54 10.88 116.3 39.0 155.1 29.5 275.1 49.2 1 312 7 654 738 0.04 0.24 6.8 829 24 347 8.30 1.30 1.98 7.38 0.597 3.71 3.50 0.10 17.10 6.84 79.4 29.7 129.4 25.9 242.6 43.1 894 9 603 591 0.03 0.03 1.6 795 25 384 8.30 2.00 0.199 5.04 0.106 1.45 2.40 0.07 14.52 5.57 67.1 25.9 117.1 24.2 223.0 39.5 798 9 843 526 0.02 0.03 8.4 796 26 178 23.6 1.10 0.309 4.25 0.168 1.45 1.93 0.49 6.64 2.22 24.0 8.0 36.6 7.90 80.0 15.0 259 7 680 189 0.05 0.37 4.5 916 27 261 10.9 10.9 < 0.042 13.33 0.187 2.88 5.53 1.27 25.37 8.52 97.9 35.6 152.5 30.5 289.1 53.8 1 217 7 299 716 0.03 0.27 22.1 825 28 218 305 4.50 < 0.040 1.36 0.037 0.49 1.19 < 0.061 7.66 3.00 38.8 14.9 68.8 14.1 136.5 25.4 451 7 042 312 0.01 0.76 11.4 1 368 29 387 8.80 10.5 < 0.043 6.60 0.131 2.17 5.16 0.92 30.43 10.57 112.6 38.2 154.1 30.9 286.9 52.1 1 295 8 164 731 0.02 0.17 15.6 802 30 295 5.70 8.00 < 0.037 4.89 0.066 1.18 3.41 0.55 19.77 7.01 75.5 25.5 104.2 21.1 200.6 36.9 878 9 288 501 0.02 0.16 23.0 758 注：测试单位：西北大学大陆动力学国家重点实验室，测试者弓化栋，数据单位为10-6.
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表 4 滴痴山岩体北侧辉钼矿Re⁃Os同位素数据
Table 4. Re-Os isotopic data for molybdenite from the Dichishan granite
编号 样重
(g)Re(10‒6) 普Os(10‒9) Re187(10‒6) Os187(10‒9) 模式年龄(Ma) 测定值 不确定度 测定值 不确定度 测定值 不确定度 测定值 不确定度 测定值 不确定度 D1 0.05 33.705 0.737 2.638 3 0.026 5 21.184 0.463 66.01 0.41 186.8 4.6 D2 0.05 50.188 1.134 2.137 3 0.017 7 31.544 0.713 98.86 0.57 187.8 4.8 D3 0.05 25.589 0.399 2.243 3 0.023 5 16.083 0.251 51.04 0.30 190.2 3.7
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表 5 滴痴山花岗岩体锆石氧逸度参数
Table 5. Oxygen fugacity parameter of zircon in Dichishan granite
项目 值 误差 NBO/T 0.089 xH2O 0.019 T (K) 1 069 28 DCezircon/melt 1.692 0.164 Ce4+/CeMelt3+ 0.002 92 0.004 38 log fO2 ‒15.24 2.89 △FMQ ‒0.40 2.89 D(Ce-III) 0.037 8 0.025 0 D(Ce-IV) 897 107 D(∑Ce) 1.692 0.637 [Ce4+/Ce3+]锆石 4 108
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