Overpressure Mechanisms and Quantitative Evaluation of Relative Contribution for Yinggehai Formation in Ledong Area of Central Diapir Zone, Yinggehai Basin
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摘要: 莺歌海盆地中央底辟带莺歌海组广泛发育超压，超压泥岩表现为异常高声波时差、低电阻率和低密度特征.在对莺歌海盆地中央底辟带莺歌海组超压成因机制综合分析基础之上，定量化评价不同成因类型超压贡献率.结果表明：莺歌海盆地中央底辟带莺歌海组泥岩超压成因机制包括欠压实、有机质生烃和超压传递作用，粘土矿物转化对超压贡献不明显.超压贡献率定量化评价结果揭示了底辟区流体压力传递和生烃作用对泥岩超压发育具有重要贡献.莺歌盆地中央底辟带乐东区莺歌海组泥岩欠压实超压贡献率为38%~100%，随着埋藏深度的增加，欠压实超压贡献率逐渐减小.莺一段地层埋深浅，生烃能力弱，以欠压实成因机制超压为主；莺二段泥岩生烃能力显著增强，生烃增压贡献率最大可达51.53%.底辟区微裂隙和断裂发育，使深部流体运移至浅层而发生压力传递，压力传递作用对莺歌海组超压贡献率最大超过50%.Abstract: Overpressure is widely developed of Yinggehai Formation in Ledong area of the central diapir zone. The overpressure mudstone is characterized by abnormally higher acoustic travel time, lower resistivity and density than that of the normal pressured mudstones.In this paper, the contribution rate of overpressure caused by different mechanisms is quantitatively evaluated based on the comprehensive analysis of the overpressure mechanisms of Yinggehai Formation in the central diapir zone of Yinggehai basin.The results indicate that the main causes of overpressure in Yinggehai Formation in Ledong area of the central diapir zone include undercompaction, hydrocarbon generation of organic matter and overpressure transfer. The contribution of clay mineral transformation to the overpressure is not obvious. The quantitative study of overpressure contribution rate reveals the contribution of fluid pressure transfer and hydrocarbon generation to mudstone overpressure in the diapir area of Yinggehai Basin. The contribution rate of overpressure caused by undercompaction in the Ledong Area of the Central Diapir Zone of Yinggehai Basin ranges from 38% to 100%. As the burial depth increases, the contribution rate of undercompaction-induced overpressure gradually decreases. The main overpressure mechanisms in the first member of Yinggehai Formation is undercompaction with the shallow buried depth and weak hydrocarbon generation capacity. While the hydrocarbon generation capacity of mudstone in the second member of Yinggehai Formation is significantly enhanced, the contribution caused by hydrocarbon generation is up to 51.53%. Microfractures and faults are developed in the diapir area, which make the deep fluid migrate to the shallow layer and produces pressure transfer. The maximum contribution rate of pressure transfer is more than 50% in Yinggehai Formation.
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图 1 莺歌海盆地构造单元划分及井位分布
Fig. 1. Tectonic subdivisions and well location distribution in Yinggehai basin
图 2 莺歌海盆地砂岩实测地层压力和压力系数与深度关系
Fig. 2. Plots of measured pore pressure and pressure coefficients versus depth in Yinggehai basin
图 3 莺歌海盆地典型井泥岩声波时差、电阻率、密度、井径和泥岩流体压力与深度关系
Fig. 3. Profiles of sonic, resistivity, density, caliper and pore fluid pressure of mudstones versus depth for the representative wells in Yinggehai basin
图 4 莺歌海盆地典型单井声波速度-密度交会图
Fig. 4. Cross plots of acoustic velocity vs. density for the representative wells in Yinggehai basin
图 5 莺歌海盆地典型井A1和B1粘土矿物、有机碳含量和氢指数演化剖面
Fig. 5. Profiles of clay mineral composition, organic carbon content, hydrogen index of mudstones of representative wells A1 and B1 in Yinggehai basin
图 6 莺歌海盆地有机碳含量、成熟度和氢指数随深度关系
Fig. 6. Profile of organic carbon content, maturity and hydrogen index of mudstones in Yinggehai basin
图 7 莺歌海盆地A1、B1和C2井欠压实超压贡献率随深度变化关系
Fig. 7. The contribution rate of undercompaction-induced overpressure with depth in wells A1, B1 and C1 Yinggehai basin
图 8 模拟温度和成熟度变化与实测值关系（a, d, g）；莺歌海组成熟生烃史模拟结果（b, e, h）；莺歌海组生烃增压演化（c, f, i）
Fig. 8. Profiles of modeled temperature and Easy% Ro versus measured temperature and vitrinite reflectance (Ro) (a, d, g); Modeling results of the hydrocarbon generation history of Yinggehai Formation (b, e, h); The evolution of overpressure caused by hydrocarbon generation of Yinggehai Formation (c, f, i)
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