Identification of Neoproterozoic Metabasic Rocks in Yaoshan Group, Yunnan Province and Its Geological Implications
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摘要: 云南瑶山群处于扬子地块西南缘，带内零星出露一些呈透镜状、似层状或碎片状的变基性岩，目前对它们的分布特征、形成时代及其构造背景仍不明确.对采自瑶山群中的变基性岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学和元素地球化学分析.年代学测试结果表明2个代表性变基性岩的形成年龄分别为766±3 Ma和771±4 Ma，为首次在瑶山群识别出了新元古代中期基性岩浆活动信息.元素地球化学分析结果显示，变基性岩的SiO2含量为48.41%~49.00%，Fe2O3T和MgO含量分别为10.30%~10.48%和10.05%~10.15%，具有较高的Mg指数（Mg#=69.3~69.5）；样品相对富集轻稀土元素（LREE），轻、重稀土元素分馏程度相对较强（（La/Yb）N=1.97~2.19），Eu异常不明显（δEu=0.90~0.94），Nb呈负异常，亏损Ti、P，其微量元素组成特征整体上与岛弧玄武岩的地球化学特征类似.综合分析认为该变基性岩形成于岛弧环境，表明扬子地块西南缘存在新元古代时期的洋壳俯冲作用事件，这一研究结果对约束哀牢山构造带甚至整个华南地区新元古代构造演化提供了新的资料.Abstract: Numerous Neoproterozoic igneous rocks were identified along the northwestern and southeastern Yangtze block, whereas the synchronous mafic rocks have been poorly reported along the southwestern Yangtze block so far. The Yaoshan Group, located at the southwestern Yangtze block, preserves small amounts of matabasic rocks and metagabbro which occurred as lens, layers and fragments. Their formation timing, petrogenesis and dynamic implication are still unclear. In this study, it presents zircon U-Pb geochronological, geochemical and petrological data for the metabasic rocks in the Yaoshan Group. The data show that the metabasic rocks have zircon U-Pb ages of 766±3 Ma and 771±4 Ma, for the first time to identify Neoproterozoic metabasic rocks in the Yaoshan Group. Geochemical data suggest that the metabasic rocks have SiO2 of 48.41%-49.00% and Fe2O3T, MgO range in 10.30%-10.48% and 10.05%-10.15%, respectively. They have relative high Mg-number (69.3-69.5). They are characterized by enrichment in LREE((La/Yb)N=1.97-2.19), no obvious Eu anomalies(δEu=0.90-0.94), negative Nb anomalies, and depletion in Ti-P on primitive mantle-normalized trace element diagrams. Such geochemical signatures are similar to those of arc volcanic rocks. Together with other geological observations, it is proposed that the tectonic setting of the metabasic rocks is island arc which is dynamically related to ocean subduction along the southwestern margin of the Yangtze block. These results provide new evidence to understand the Neoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the Ailaoshan tectonic belt and even the whole South China.
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Key words:
- metabasic rock /
- subduction /
- Neoproterozoic /
- Ailaoshan tectonic belt /
- Yaoshan Group /
- petrology /
- geochemistry
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图 1 哀牢山构造带及其邻区地质简图
据Cai et al.（2014）改编.G.花岗质岩石；B.基性岩类；S.云母石英片岩
Fig. 1. Simplified geotectonic map showing the Ailaoshan tectonic belt and its surrounding areas
图 2 哀牢山构造带及瑶山群变基性岩地质简图
Fig. 2. Schematic geological map of Ailaoshan tectonic belt and metabasite in Yaoshan Group
图 3 哀牢山构造带瑶山群变基性岩代表性野外(a)和显微照片(b)
Am.角闪石；Pl.斜长石
Fig. 3. Field photo (a) and photomicrograph of the metabasite (b) from the Yaoshan Group in the Ailaoshan tectonic belt
图 4 哀牢山带瑶山群变基性岩锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图及其代表性锆石阴极发光图像及测点年龄
Fig. 4. Zircon U-Pb concordia diagram, CL images and U-Pb ages for the metabasite from the Yaoshan Group in the Ailaoshan tectonic belt
图 6 哀牢山构造带瑶山群变基性岩球粒陨石标准化稀土配分模式图(a)和原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图(b)
原始地幔和球粒陨石标准化值以及N-MORB和E-MORB数据据Sun and McDonough（1989）；Barren弧火山岩数据来自Luhr and Haldar（2006）；新元古代时期的攀枝花、汉南和湘-赣基性岩数据分别来自Zhao and Zhou（2007）、Zhao and Zhou（2009）和Li et al.（2008）及其参考文献
Fig. 6. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a) and primitive mantle-normalized trace element spidergrams (b) of the metabasite from the Yaoshan Group in the Ailaoshan tectonic belt
表 1 哀牢山构造带瑶山群变基性岩锆石U-Pb同位素测试结果
Table 1. Zircon U-Pb isotopic analyses of the metabasite from the Yaoshan Group in the Ailaoshan tectonic belt
点号 元素(10-6) Th/U 同位素比值 年龄(Ma) 232Th 238U 207Pb/206Pb ±1σ 207Pb/235U ±1σ 206Pb/238U ±1σ 207Pb/206Pb ±1σ 207Pb/235U ±1σ 206Pb/238U ±1σ 样品MH1606 MH160601 256 383 0.67 0.064 7 0.001 2 1.136 8 0.021 9 0.127 5 0.000 9 765 238 771 10 773 5 MH160602 466 486 0.96 0.067 3 0.001 5 1.049 8 0.022 3 0.113 5 0.001 1 856 - 729 11 693 7 MH160603 340 444 0.77 0.064 5 0.001 7 1.126 9 0.028 5 0.127 0 0.001 4 767 54 766 14 771 8 MH160604 308 440 0.70 0.065 0 0.002 0 1.137 5 0.045 8 0.126 0 0.001 4 774 67 771 22 765 8 MH160605 341 524 0.65 0.064 2 0.001 7 1.113 5 0.027 0 0.126 6 0.002 1 750 57 760 13 768 12 MH160606 237 290 0.82 0.064 1 0.001 4 1.107 4 0.023 9 0.125 8 0.001 1 746 46 757 12 764 6 MH160607 203 495 0.41 0.063 5 0.002 6 1.097 8 0.039 2 0.125 1 0.002 1 724 86 752 19 760 12 MH160608 500 653 0.77 0.062 3 0.001 4 1.071 5 0.025 5 0.124 5 0.001 3 687 55 739 12 756 7 MH160609 393 376 1.05 0.063 2 0.001 5 1.091 0 0.026 4 0.125 0 0.001 1 717 50 749 13 759 6 MH160610 235 281 0.84 0.063 9 0.001 5 1.109 2 0.024 8 0.126 2 0.001 0 739 44 758 12 766 6 MH160611 406 682 0.59 0.064 4 0.002 8 1.100 5 0.040 2 0.124 4 0.002 2 754 91 754 19 756 13 MH160612 456 760 0.60 0.065 2 0.002 5 1.149 9 0.045 2 0.127 5 0.001 4 789 80 777 21 774 8 MH160613 420 545 0.77 0.066 4 0.001 5 1.023 9 0.027 1 0.111 4 0.001 7 818 46 716 14 681 10 MH160614 340 369 0.92 0.063 1 0.001 4 1.102 8 0.024 7 0.126 5 0.001 2 722 51 755 12 768 7 MH160615 656 1 025 0.64 0.075 6 0.004 9 0.329 2 0.028 1 0.030 7 0.001 2 1 085 130 289 21 195 7 MH160616 411 623 0.66 0.063 4 0.001 1 1.100 1 0.019 2 0.125 4 0.001 0 724 40 753 9 762 6 MH160617 459 831 0.55 0.063 7 0.000 9 1.128 8 0.018 0 0.128 0 0.001 1 731 30 767 9 776 6 MH160618 274 334 0.82 0.065 4 0.001 4 1.125 9 0.022 5 0.125 4 0.001 0 787 46 766 11 762 6 MH160619 287 343 0.84 0.063 4 0.001 3 1.110 1 0.023 1 0.126 8 0.001 1 720 44 758 11 769 6 MH160620 364 505 0.72 0.065 2 0.001 0 1.128 5 0.016 2 0.125 4 0.000 9 789 30 767 8 761 5 样品MH1607 MH160701 195 478 0.41 0.063 6 0.011 8 1.105 2 0.196 2 0.125 6 0.006 4 729 400 756 95 763 37 MH160702 490 600 0.82 0.063 7 0.010 0 1.090 3 0.164 0 0.123 8 0.005 4 731 332 749 80 752 31 MH160703 366 473 0.78 0.066 1 0.008 6 1.162 4 0.144 2 0.127 2 0.004 6 811 269 783 68 772 26 MH160704 331 355 0.93 0.064 1 0.006 5 1.139 6 0.111 3 0.128 8 0.003 7 746 212 772 53 781 21 MH160705 397 390 1.02 0.063 0 0.001 9 1.072 4 0.029 6 0.125 2 0.001 4 706 64 740 14 761 8 MH160706 217 263 0.82 0.062 9 0.001 7 1.098 2 0.029 6 0.126 3 0.001 1 706 53 753 14 767 6 MH160707 346 523 0.66 0.064 9 0.001 8 1.129 3 0.029 6 0.126 6 0.002 3 772 61 767 14 769 13 MH160708 415 604 0.69 0.063 9 0.001 0 1.135 1 0.017 7 0.128 5 0.000 7 739 31 770 8 779 4 MH160709 285 425 0.67 0.062 5 0.001 5 1.098 5 0.027 9 0.126 7 0.001 2 694 50 753 14 769 7 MH160710 188 440 0.43 0.063 9 0.001 5 1.114 7 0.026 4 0.126 2 0.001 2 739 52 760 13 766 7 MH160711 347 681 0.51 0.062 5 0.000 9 1.100 3 0.016 6 0.127 4 0.001 0 700 30 753 8 773 6 MH160712 363 445 0.82 0.063 0 0.001 1 1.101 6 0.019 5 0.126 7 0.000 9 706 5 754 9 769 5 MH160713 284 398 0.71 0.065 8 0.001 6 0.978 5 0.025 1 0.107 5 0.001 1 1 200 50 693 13 658 7 MH160714 276 385 0.72 0.066 8 0.001 5 1.047 5 0.024 1 0.113 3 0.001 0 833 46 728 12 692 6 MH160715 431 987 0.44 0.100 2 0.001 0 3.907 7 0.043 6 0.281 9 0.001 9 1 628 19 1 615 9 1 601 10 MH160716 147 534 0.28 0.063 9 0.002 0 0.796 0 0.024 8 0.090 4 0.001 4 739 264 595 14 558 8 MH160717 268 547 0.49 0.065 7 0.002 2 0.908 6 0.031 9 0.100 2 0.001 4 794 70 656 17 615 8 
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表 2 哀牢山构造带瑶山群变基性岩的主量元素(%)和微量元素(10-6)分析结果
Table 2. Major oxide (%) and trace element (10-6) data of the metabasite from the Yaoshan Group in the Ailaoshan tectonic belt
样品号 MH1606 MH1607 MH1608 MH1609 MH1610 SiO2 49.00 48.41 48.88 48.97 48.85 TiO2 0.67 0.66 0.67 0.67 0.67 Al2O3 14.93 14.83 15.04 14.94 14.98 Fe2O3T 10.48 10.30 10.40 10.42 10.45 MgO 10.15 10.05 10.15 10.15 10.10 CaO 11.95 11.75 11.85 11.90 11.90 K2O 0.44 0.43 0.43 0.44 0.43 Na2O 1.77 1.72 1.72 1.76 1.72 MnO 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.18 P2O5 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 烧失量 0.75 0.77 0.89 0.82 0.74 总量 100.39 99.15 100.26 100.31 100.08 Mg# 69.3 69.5 69.5 69.4 69.3 La 6.10 6.60 6.90 6.40 6.50 Ce 13.4 13.4 14.1 13.4 13.4 Pr 1.69 1.84 1.88 1.81 1.74 Nd 7.10 7.90 8.00 7.80 8.00 Sm 1.90 2.10 2.26 2.07 2.10 Eu 0.68 0.71 0.76 0.69 0.73 Gd 2.60 2.69 2.78 2.66 2.68 Tb 0.47 0.48 0.49 0.49 0.49 Dy 3.13 3.20 3.25 3.20 3.28 Ho 0.70 0.74 0.73 0.73 0.71 Er 2.14 2.23 2.35 2.26 2.21 Tm 0.33 0.33 0.36 0.34 0.33 Yb 2.18 2.23 2.26 2.33 2.26 Lu 0.35 0.35 0.34 0.37 0.39 V 265 334 349 346 360 Cr 660 660 670 660 660 Ni 236 236 236 236 236 Ga 15.3 14.1 14.4 14.1 14.2 Rb 12.7 12.7 13.0 12.6 12.5 Sr 89 85 87 83 82 Y 20.3 18.7 19.8 19.1 18.6 Zr 118 118 122 119 116 Nb 3.70 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.70 Cs 0.45 0.54 0.55 0.52 0.53 Ba 39.3 43.5 44.5 43.6 42.6 Hf 3.10 3.10 3.30 3.10 3.10 Ta 0.40 0.50 0.50 0.40 0.40 Th 1.93 2.14 1.88 2.03 1.96 U 0.52 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.51 ∑REE 42.8 44.8 46.5 44.6 44.8 注：主量元素含量为质量百分含量(%).
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