Detrial Zircon U-Pb Dating and Provenance Analysis for Late Permian-Early Triassic Sandstone in Central North China Craton
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摘要: 华北板块陆内盆地晚二叠世-早三叠世地层沉积物的物源一直存在较大争议.对华北板块中部鄂尔多斯盆地东缘（山西柳林县）上二叠统孙家沟组（2个）和下三叠统刘家沟组（2个）以及沁水盆地（山西沁水县）上二叠统孙家沟组（1个）地层砂岩样品进行了全岩地球化学分析和碎屑锆石LA-MC-ICPMS U-Pb年龄测定.364个单颗粒锆石中，古生代碎屑锆石约占21%，具有~275 Ma（218~333 Ma，65颗）和~431 Ma的两个峰值年龄（368~442 Ma，10颗）；前寒武纪碎屑锆石约占79%，具有明显的~1 888 Ma（1 562~2 222 Ma，178颗）和~2 529 Ma（2 253~3 167 Ma，111颗）两个峰值年龄.在前人研究基础上，采用最年轻单颗粒年龄（YSG）和最年轻的碎屑锆石加权平均年龄（TuffZirc）限定地层最大沉积年龄的方法，确定刘家沟组的2个样品沉积下限年龄为253±7 Ma和250±7 Ma，孙家沟组3个样品沉积下限分别为256±7 Ma（MSWD=1.1，n=31）、264±11 Ma（MSWD=4.3，n=7）、250±6 Ma（MSWD=3.6，n=6），与二叠系-三叠系沉积界限年龄251.0±0.4 Ma相接近，其中研究区刘家沟组砂岩的地质时代应归属于早三叠世，孙家沟组砂岩应归属于晚二叠世，并进一步推测华北山西地区孙家沟组沉积时代北部早于南部.根据研究区晚二叠世-早三叠世沉积环境和构造背景分析，以及潜在物源区年龄图谱对比，结合古水流野外分析结果，判别刘家沟组和孙家沟组砂岩中的前寒武纪碎屑锆石物源区为华北板块的变质基底，早古生代碎屑锆石主要来源于兴蒙造山带南缘的早古生代侵入岩，晚古生代碎屑锆石主要来源于内蒙古隆起的晚古生代侵入岩.Abstract: The Permian-Triassic stratum of North China craton is well known for its extensive distribution, special lithology, marine-terrestrial transition system and significant division of sedimentary lithology. The predecessors have discussed sedimentary age and source of the Permian-Triassic sandstones, but there is still much controversy. In this study, five sandstone samples are selected from the eastern Ordos basin (Liulin area, Liujiagou and Sunjiagou formations) and Qinshui basin (Qinshui area, Sunjiagou Formation) in Shanxi Province of the central North China craton for LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of detrital zircons and geochemical analysis, with the attempt to determine the maximum sedimentary age and its provenance. The geochronology results show that detrital zircons (n=364) from five samples are composed mainly of the Paleozoic and Precambrian magmatic zircons. Among them, the Paleozoic zircons account for 21% with peak ages of ~275 Ma (218-333 Ma; n=65) and ~431 Ma (368-442 Ma; n=10), while the Precambrian zircons account for 79% with distinct peak ages of ~1 888 Ma (1 562-2 222 Ma; n=178) and ~2 529 Ma (2 253-3 167 Ma; n=111). By using the youngest single detrital zircons ages (YSG) and TuffZirc (Zircon Age Extractor)(+6), it obtained different maximum sedimentary ages of 253±7 Ma and 250±7 Ma for the Liujiagou Formation, as well as 256±7 Ma (MSWD=1.1, n=31), 264±11 Ma (MSWD=4.3, n=7), and 250±6 Ma (MSWD=3.6, n=6) for the Sunjiagou Formation, respectively, which is close to the Permian/Triassic boundary age 251.0±0.4 Ma. Based on these results, it constrains that the Liujiagou Formation formed in the Early Triassic and Sunjiagou Formation formed in the Late Permian, and further presume that the sedimentary timing of northern part of Sunjiagou Formation in Shanxi Province is older than southern part. The main material sources of the Permian-Triassic sandstones (Liujiagou and Sunjiagou Formations) are from the Late Paleozoic intrusive rocks in the Inner Mongolia uplift at the northern part of North China craton and the metamorphic basement of North China craton, while a few material sources are from granitic intrusive rocks in southern Xing-Meng orogenic belt.
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图 1 华北板块区域地质简图（a）和山西省区域地质图（b）（据Zhao et al., 2005; Meng et al., 2019修改）
图a中，1.石拐子盆地；2.西山盆地；3.下板城盆地；4.牛营子盆地；5.北票盆地；6.汝箕沟盆地；7.静乐地区；8.济阳地区；9.豫西地区；10.合肥盆地；F1.离石断裂；F2.洪涛山-鹅毛口断裂；F3.狐偃山断裂；F4.太岳山断裂；F5.横河断裂；F6.太行山断裂；F7.系舟山断裂；F8.唐河断裂
Fig. 1. Simplified tectonic map showing the North China craton (a) and geological map of the Shanxi Province (b)(modified from Zhao et al., 2005; Meng et al., 2019)
图 2 研究区石炭系-三叠系地层柱状图
Fig. 2. Stratigraphic column for the Carboniferous-Triassic in the study area
图 3 柳林地区和沁水地区孙家沟组、刘家沟组地层特征
a.柳林郝家津孙家沟组与刘家沟组接触关系；b~c.刘家沟组灰绿色砂岩，孙家沟组紫红色砂岩；d~e.柳林地区孙家沟组上部晚古生代脊椎动物化石及化石层剖面；f.柳林薛村南刘家沟组和孙家沟组接触关系；g.柳林地区孙家沟组砂岩平行层理；h~i.沁水端氏镇凝灰质长石砂岩野外照片
Fig. 3. Sedimentary characteristics of the Sunjiagou and Liujiagou formations in Liulin and Qinshui areas
图 4 研究区砂岩野外露头及显微特征
a~b.柳林地区刘家沟组砂岩显微照片；c~d.柳林地区孙家沟组砂岩显微照片；e~f.沁水盆地凝灰质砂岩野外露头和显微照片；Q.石英；Qm.单晶石英；Pl.斜长石；K.钾长石；Lv.火山岩碎屑；Ls.沉积岩碎屑；Lm.变质岩碎屑
Fig. 4. Outcrop and microscopic characteristics of the sandstone in studied area
图 5 研究区孙家沟组与刘家沟组砂岩样品碎屑锆石CL图像
Fig. 5. CL images of detrital zircon of sandstone samples from the Sunjiagou and Liujiagou formations
图 6 研究区刘家沟组与孙家沟组砂岩碎屑锆石U-Pb定年谐和图和频谱图
Fig. 6. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb concordia diagrams and histograms of detrital zircon of sandstone samples in Liujiagou and Sunjiagou formations
图 7 刘家沟组和孙家沟组砂岩稀土元素球粒陨石（a）；全球大陆平均上地壳标准化稀土元素配分曲线（b）；刘家沟组和孙家沟组砂岩原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图（c）
球粒陨石，全球大陆平均上地壳和原始地幔的标准化数值分别据文献Boynton，1984；Sun and McDonough，1989；McLennan et al.，1993
Fig. 7. Chondrite-normalized REE diagram (a); UCC-normalized REE diagram (b); primitive mantle-normalized trace elements diagram of the Liujiagou and Sunjiagou formations(c)
图 8 刘家沟组和孙家沟组砂岩Q-F-L和Qm-F-Lt三元图（Dickinson et al.，1983）
Fig. 8. Tectonic discrimination triangle diagrams of Q-F-L and Qm-F-Lt for the Liujiagou and Sunjiagou formations(Dickinson et al., 1983)
图 10 刘家沟组和孙家沟组砂岩源区母岩性质判别图
P1.基性火山岩物源区；P2.中性火山岩物源区；P3.酸性火山岩物源区；P4.成熟大陆石英质物源区a. F1’-F2’判别图解（底图据Roser and Korsch，1988）；b. K2O-Rb判别图解（据Floyd and Leveridge，1987）；c. La/Th-Hf判别图解（据毛光周和刘池洋，2011）
Fig. 10. Discrimination diagrams of parent rocks for the Liujiagou and Sunjiagou formations
图 11 锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年谐和图和频谱图
Fig. 11. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb concordia diagrams and histograms
图 12 华北板块晚古生代-早中生代碎屑锆石及潜在源区U-Pb年龄（< 600 Ma）分布
a.北京西山双泉组（Yang et al.，2006）；b.燕山刘家沟组和孙家沟组（Ma et al.，2014）；c，g.云冈-平鲁石盒子组上部；宁武-静乐刘家沟组（周瑞，2019）；d.内蒙古隆起晚古生代花岗岩（Zhang et al.，2006）；e.柳林地区刘家沟组和孙家沟组来自本次研究；f.延安地区石千峰组上部；济源地区石千峰组上部（Li et al.，2010；彭深远等，2019）；h.中亚造山带古生代至中生代地层碎屑锆石年龄（Li et al.，2011）；i.沁水盆地石孙家沟组；k.洛阳-登封石千峰组上部和二马营组下部（Yang et al.，2017）；l.北秦岭古生代花岗岩（Wang et al.，2009）
Fig. 12. U-Pb ages (< 600 Ma) of potential sources detrital zircons from Late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic in the North China craton
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