Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Concentrated Gas Hydrate Occurrence in Zhongjian Basin, South China Sea
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摘要: 寻找与识别高饱和度天然气水合物富集层是当前海域天然气水合物商业性开采的重点.通过对南海中建盆地局部三维地震资料开展宽频重处理和波阻抗反演，结合全区三维地震的精细解释、属性分析和稳定带计算，剖析中建盆地BSR(bottom simulating reflector)反射特征和天然气水合物富集程度.研究发现：(1)研究区BSR特征与南海北部钻探区略微不同，主要分布在半深海细粒沉积物，分布广且连续，当断层到达水合物稳定带处时，BSR振幅强且连续；(2)天然气水合物层饱和度约30%~40%，局部较高，富集程度为中等饱和度；(3)受沉积与构造活动影响，水合物富集层位于BSR上部不同地层深度，断层控制着水合物分布.Abstract: High saturation gas hydrate-bearing layers is the favorable target for gas hydrate exploration and development. To identify and estimate gas hydrate-bearing layers, it uses 3D seismic data which is reprocessed by broadband wave impedance inversion, attribute analysis and the calculation of base gas hydrate stability zone to study the characteristics of the bottom simulating reflector (BSR) and gas hydrate occurrence and accumulation in the Zhongjian basin. (1) The characteristics of BSR in this area is slightly different from that found in the gas hydrate drilling area, northern South China Sea. The BSRs identified in this basin are widely distributed with continuous reflections occurred in the fine-grain sediments. The BSR amplitude is particularly strong and continuous where the fault reaches the gas hydrate stability zone. (2) The saturation of gas hydrate-bearing layers is about 30%-40% of the pore space with regional high value. The gas hydrate layer has the same polarity with the seabed reflection and is characterized by continuous and strong amplitude reflections. (3) The gas hydrate-bearing layers are occurred above different depths of the BSR which is controlled by local faults and is affected by sedimentation and tectonic movements.
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Key words:
- gas hydrate /
- enrichment /
- broad band process /
- Zhongjian basin /
- tectonics /
- sedimentology
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图 1 南海北部水合物分布区(a)及中建盆地海底发育的麻坑构造及BSR分布(b)
Fig. 1. The gas hydrate distribution zones in the northern slope of South China Sea (a) and the pockmarks and BSR distribution in the Zhongjian basin (b)
图 4 沿稳定带底界和强反射振幅上下20 ms时窗提取最大振幅与均方根振幅
a.稳定带底界面最大振幅属性地温梯度: 55 ℃/km; b.稳定带底界面均方根振幅属性地温梯度: 55 ℃/km; c.T1界面最大振幅属性; d.T1界面均方根振幅属性
Fig. 4. The maximum and root mean square amplitudes along the base of gas hydrate stability zone and high amplitude spanning time window up and down 20 ms
图 5 研究区孔隙度随饱和水层的波阻抗交会图及随深度变化
Fig. 5. Porosity calculated from the crossplot between acoustic impedance and porosity of water-saturated sediment and porosity versus depth below the seafloor
表 1 中建盆地与南海北部钻探区BSR识别及分布特征对比
Table 1. The characteristics of BSR and its distribution between Zhongjian basin and the gas hydrate drilling area in the northern South China Sea
区域 BSR反射特征 分布特征 储层条件 主要参考文献 南海北部水合物钻探区 珠江口盆地 不连续-半连续的强振幅反射 BSR多分布在气烟囱构造上方，部分BSR分布受断层控制 细粒泥质粉砂质沉积物，局部含有孔虫砂沉积 Jin et al.(2020);
杨胜雄等(2017);
王秀娟等(2021)台西南盆地 上拱和不连续的弱-中等强度振幅反射 BSR分布在气烟囱构造上方 细粒泥质粉砂质沉积物 Wang et al.(2018);
王秀娟等(2021)琼东南盆地 上拱和不连续的弱-中等强度振幅反射 BSR分布在气烟囱构造上方，部分BSR分布受断层控制 多期MTD沉积，局部为浊积扇沉积 Liang et al.(2019);
Ye et al.(2019);
王秀娟等(2021)中建
盆地连续的中等-强振幅反射；
连续的弱-中等振幅反射；
局部的弱振幅反射BSR分布与断层关系紧密，局部断层穿透BSR 细粒泥质粉砂质沉积物，局部含钙质沉积物 Lu et al.(2017) 
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