Boundary Changes of Jurassic-Cretaceous Prototype Basin of Southern Junggar and Responses of Sedimentary Provenance and Depositional Systems
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摘要: 为明确准南侏罗‒白垩纪原型盆地特征及其物源‒沉积体系演化，对准南山体年龄及侏罗‒白垩系砂岩碎屑成分、砾岩砾石成分、重矿物、古水流及砂体展布等时空变化进行分析，定量计算原盆边界距离，同时结合区域地质背景，探讨原盆边界变迁及其沉积物源响应.准南西段山体隆升整体早于中段和东段，侏罗‒白垩系物源以再循环造山带沉积岩系母岩为主，原盆距现今边界平均距离在22.2~67.0 km之间.准南西段受控于南北双向物源体系，中晚侏罗世原盆边界发生明显萎缩，并受车莫古隆起演化影响显著；中段受控于南部物源体系，原盆边界在中侏罗世早期前发生持续扩张，随后持续萎缩；而东段在侏罗纪原盆边界持续萎缩，且博格达山自中侏罗世开始持续隆升使区域物源沉积体系发生显著变化.整体上，现今西段和东段区域在晚侏罗世距原盆边界距离更近，近源沉积体系规模连片砂体较发育，而中段在整个侏罗纪距原盆边界较远，远源沉积体系使规模连片砂体不甚发育.早白垩世，整个准南南部边界已基本萎缩至现今盆地边界附近，但区域湖泛作用使近源沉积体系分布局限.Abstract: In order to clarify the characteristics and provenance-sedimentary system of the J-K prototype basin in southern Junggar, in this study it firstly analyzes the age data of mountains along the basin margin, and the temporal-spatial changes of Jurassic-Cretaceous sandstone clastic composition, conglomerate gravel composition, heavy minerals, paleo-currents, sedimentary sand body distribution. Then the original basin boundary distances are quantitively calculated. Together with the regional geological background, the boundary changes, and sedimentary provenance and depositional system evolution of the Jurassic-Cretaceous prototype basin in southern Junggar are restored. The research results show that the uplifting time of the mountains in the western section of the southern Junggar is overall earlier than the middle and eastern sections. And the parent rocks of the Jurassic-Cretaceous sedimentary provenance are mainly recirculating orogenic belt sedimentary rock. The distance between the boundary of prototype and nowadays basins is 22.2-67.0 km. The western section of southern Junggar is controlled by north and south provenance systems and influenced by the evolution of Chemo paleouplift. And the basin boundary has showed shrinking processes since Middle Jurassic. The middle section of southern Junggar is controlled by southern provenance system, and the basin boundary continuously expanded from the Early Jurassic to early period of the Middle Jurassic, and then began to shrink. In contrast, the basin boundary of eastern section continuously shrunk during the whole Jurassic. However, uplift processes of the Bogda Mountain since the Middle Jurassic have caused significant changes in the regional provenance-sedimentary system. Overall, current areas of the western and eastern sections are closer to the prototype basin boundary during the Late Jurassic, therefore, the proximal sedimentary systems are relatively well developed. However, the locations of the mid part of southern Junggar during the whole Jurassic are far from the original basin boundary, consequently, the contiguous sand bodies of proximal sedimentary are not well developed. In the Early Cretaceous, the boundaries of the southern Junggar basically shrunk to the vicinity of present basin boundary, but regional lacustrine flooding can lead to relatively regress of locations of the provenance area.
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图 1 准南区域构造位置（a）、周缘山体出露地层岩性（b）及地层发育特征（c）
NTS.北天山；CTS.中天山；STS.南天山. 图b据王家林等（2016）修改
Fig. 1. Tectonic location (a), mountain outcrop strata and lithology (b), and stratigraphic characteristics (c) of the southern Junggar Basin
图 2 准南南部山体磷灰石裂变径迹及锆石U-Pb年龄数据特征
数据引自Wang et al.，2009；Jolivet et al.，2010；高志勇等，2016；孙岳等，2016；张玲等，2018
Fig. 2. Apatite fission track and zircon U-Pb ages of the mountains adjacent to the southern Junggar Basin
图 3 准南侏罗‒白垩系砂岩成分三角图（a）及伊山北缘（b）和博格达山北缘（c）砂岩Dickinson图解（部分数据白斌，2008）
Fig. 3. Sandstone content triangular diagram (a) and Dickinson discriminating diagrams of samples from northern Yi (b) and Bogeda (c) mountains in southern Junggar Basin
图 4 准南西段(a~e)、中段(f~j)及东段(k~l)侏罗‒白垩系各组地层砾岩砾石成分特征(部分数据引自党胜国, 2007)
Fig. 4. Gravel content of J-K formation conglomerates within western (a-e), middle (f-j) and eastern (k-1) areas of the southern Junggar Basin
图 5 准南西段、中段及东段侏罗‒白垩系各组地层各类型重矿物含量R型聚类图
Fig. 5. R-type cluster plots of different heavy mineral contents of deposits in J-K strata within southern Junggar Basin
图 6 准南各井和剖面侏罗‒白垩系重矿物组合特征及重矿物含量Q型聚类图
Fig. 6. Heavy mineral assemblages and Q-type cluster plots of J-K strata in different wells and outcrops of the southern Junggar Basin
图 8 准南西段（a~b）、中段（c~d）及东段（e~f）侏罗‒白垩系各组地层重矿物ZTR指数及lg（重矿物稳定系数）变化
Fig. 8. Variations in ZTR and lg (heavy mineral stable coefficient) of J-K strata within western (a‒b), middle (c‒d) and eastern (e‒f) areas of the southern Junggar Basin
图 9 准南西段（a）、中段（b）及东段（c）侏罗‒白垩系各组地层砂（砾）岩体连井对比剖面图
Fig. 9. Sandstone cross-well profiles of J-K formations within western (a), middle (b) and eastern (c) parts of the southern Junggar Basin
图 10 准南侏罗‒白垩系各组地层沉积期原型盆地边界位置恢复
Fig. 10. Basin boundary restorations of the southern Junggar Basin during different formation deposition periods of J-K
图 11 准南西段（a）、中段（b）及东段（c）侏罗‒白垩系各组地层计算原盆边界平均距离直方图
Fig. 11. Calculated prototype basin boundary average distance of the western (a), middle (b) and eastern (c) of southern Junggar Basin
图 12 准南侏罗‒白垩系各组地层原型盆地物源‒沉积体系恢复
a.八道湾组; b.三工河组;c.西山窑组;d.头屯河组;e.齐古组;f.下白垩统清水河组
Fig. 12. Sedimentary provenance and depositional system recovery of different formations of J-K within the southern Junggar Basin
表 1 准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗‒白垩系地层重矿物组合特征及潜在源区母岩岩性特征
Table 1. Heavy mineral association and mother rock in provenance area of J-K strata within southern Junggar Basin
序号 重矿物组合 母岩类型 潜在物源区 母岩岩性（高志勇等，2016；周天琪等，2019） 1 重晶石、绿泥石、榍石、电气石、磷灰石、锆石、尖晶石、白钛石 沉积岩（火山碎屑岩） 北天山、中天山 北天山: 火山碎屑岩、凝灰岩、局部沉积岩；中天山：早古生代火山碎屑岩 2 石榴石、绿帘石、磁铁矿、十字石、钛铁矿、电气石、白钛石、榍石、锆石 变质岩 中天山 花岗岩演变的变质岩、花岗糜棱岩、花岗片麻岩等中高级变质岩、前寒武变质岩 3 锆石、电气石、磷灰石、黑云母、白钛石、锐钛矿、白钛石、尖晶石、钛铁矿 中酸性岩浆岩 中天山、扎伊尔山 中天山：后碰撞A型花岗岩、早古生代花岗岩；扎伊尔山：花岗岩、钾长花岗岩、碱性花岗岩、正长斑岩 4 磁铁矿、钛铁矿、铬铁矿、钛磁铁矿、白钛石 基性岩浆岩 中天山、扎伊尔山 中天山：基性侵入岩、超基性岩、蛇绿岩；扎伊尔山：玄武岩、蛇绿岩、辉长岩 
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表 2 准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗‒白垩系各组地层重矿物稳定系数及ZTR指数计算数据
Table 2. Calculated data of heavy mineral stable coefficient and ZTR of J-K strata within southern Junggar Basin
层位 构造区域 lg稳定系数 ZTR(%) 样品个数N 最大值 最小值 平均值 最大值 最小值 平均值 下侏罗统 八道湾组 西段 2.8 0.1 1.6 97.3 4.0 61.7 7 中段 2.1 ‒1.3 0.5 80.0 3.6 37.0 41 东段 3.0 ‒1.1 1.8 88.0 1.4 48.5 47 三工河组 西段 3.0 1.7 2.4 87.5 29.5 63.1 8 中段 3.0 0.3 1.6 90.8 9.8 57.0 27 东段 2.5 0.6 1.7 74.7 30.3 44.8 11 中侏罗统 西山窑组 西段 3.0 2.0 2.6 84.9 43.4 57.6 8 中段 3.0 0.3 2.0 98.9 44.4 86.9 34 东段 0.8 ‒0.1 0.4 59.6 21.7 37.0 4 头屯河组 西段 3.0 ‒1.3 1.8 85.5 4.3 64.1 10 中段 2.0 ‒1.2 0.3 89.2 0 39.7 13 东段 3.0 ‒1.6 0.5 88.0 0 29.3 172 上侏罗统 齐古组 西段 2.7 ‒0.3 1.2 85.7 0 36.6 70 中段 0.1 ‒0.1 0 16.5 8.9 12.7 2 东段 1.5 ‒1.4 ‒0.6 56.3 0 6.6 47 下白垩统 清水河组 西段 1.6 0.4 0.9 86.3 0 41.3 12 中段 1.0 1.0 1.0 60.6 60.6 60.6 1 东段 1.7 ‒0.6 0.9 56.9 0 29.5 12
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表 3 准噶尔盆地南缘各构造单元位置平衡剖面缩短量（程光锁，2008；张多多，2016；朱明等，2020）
Table 3. The shortening distance of the balanced cross sections in different tectonic units of the southern Junggar Basin
构造单元位置 平衡剖面缩短量(km) 平均缩短量D缩短(km) 构造区带划分 独山子背斜 7 3.88 准南西段 西湖背斜 4.8 西湖北背斜 2.2 卡因迪克背斜 1.5 安集海背斜 2.7 3.55 准南中段西部地区 霍尔果斯背斜 4.4 南玛纳斯‒玛纳斯背斜 9.1 8.58 准南中段中部地区 塔西河背斜 8.05 齐古‒吐谷鲁背斜 23 17.80 准南中段东部地区 齐古呼图壁背斜 12.9 博格达山前龙口地区剖面D1 2.64 3.31 准南东段 博格达山前龙口地区剖面D2 2.9 博格达山前龙口地区剖面D3 3.67 博格达山前龙口地区剖面D3 4.03
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表 4 准噶尔盆地南缘不同构造带J-K系各组地层沉积期距原盆边界距离计算数据
Table 4. Calculated data of distance away from original basin boundaries of J-K formations in different tectonic areas of southern Junggar Basin
层位 构造区域 计算原盆边界距离(km) 层位 构造区域 计算原盆边界距离(km) 最大值 最小值 平均值 最大值 最小值 平均值 下侏罗统 八道湾组 西段 68.0 15.8 35.6 中侏罗统 头屯河组 西段 58.4 3.3 32.3 中段 73.6 30.3 55.4 中段 54.8 25.5 44.9 东段 65.2 13.9 38.1 东段 57.1 11.1 33.8 三工河组 西段 82.3 17.1 58.5 上侏罗统 齐古组 西段 45.9 9.3 26.5 中段 97.2 32.4 67.0 中段 65.8 17.5 42.9 东段 53.9 11.4 33.2 东段 44.3 10.7 22.2 中侏罗统 西山窑组 西段 55.5 31.7 41.2 下白垩统 清水河组 西段 82.9 14.7 22.8 中段 73.4 25.4 63.3 中段 76.8 22.1 37.6 东段 80.4 11.0 46.4 东段 68.7 13.1 21.6
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