Geochronology and Tectonic Significance of Neoproterozoic Volcanic Rocks from Yanbian Group in Western Yangtze Block
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摘要: 扬子板块西缘新元古代盐边群广泛发育一系列火山岩，其年代学和构造背景对理解扬子板块前寒武纪构造演化具有重要意义.本文获得盐边群乍古组、小坪组、渔门组和荒田组火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为934±5 Ma、863±4 Ma、843±7 Ma和797±9 Ma，精确限制了盐边群时代为934~797 Ma.荒田组玄武岩属于钙碱性N-MORB（正常型洋中脊玄武岩）系列，轻稀土相对亏损、重稀土相对富集，具有中等程度的Nb、Ta负异常和轻微的Ti负异常，εNd（t）值为3.8~4.9.荒田组玄武岩来自以石榴子石和尖晶石为稳定区的地幔橄榄岩10%~20%的部分熔融.构造背景判别图解指示荒田组玄武岩形成于活动大陆边缘弧前盆地.结合前人的研究成果，认为扬子西缘新元古代早-中期存在弧-盆地系统，扬子板块新元古代构造动力学背景应为活动大陆边缘洋-陆俯冲，板块俯冲开始的时间不晚于934 Ma.Abstract: The Neoproterozoic Yanbian volcanic rocks are extensively exposed in the western Yangtze block, providing an ideal opportunity to study the Precambrian tectonic evolution of the Yangtze block. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of Zhagu Formation, Xiaoping Formation, Yumen Formation and Huangtian Formation yielded zircon U-Pb ages of 934±5 Ma, 863±4 Ma, 843±7 Ma and 797±9 Ma, respectively. The N-MORB (normal mid-ocean ridge basalts) type basalts from the Huangtian Formation belong to calc-alkaline series, and display light rare earth element depleted patterns, with moderate negative Nb, Ta anomaly and minor negative Ti anomalies. In addition, these rocks have positive εNd(t) values (+3.8 to +4.9). They are suggested to be derived from 10%-20% partial melting of the MORB-like source in a fore-arc basin setting in the garnet+spinel stability field. Combined with previous studies, the data confirm the existence of an arc-trench system in the western Yangtze block in the Neoproterozoic. It proposes that the western Yangtze block was located in a convergent setting during the Neoproterozoic. The subduction of oceanic lithosphere beneath the western margin of the Yangtze block initiated no later than 934 Ma.
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Key words:
- western Yangtze block /
- Yanbian Group /
- zircon U-Pb dating /
- geochemistry /
- tectonic setting
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图 1 扬子板块西缘元古代地层分布图(据耿元生等, 2017修改)
Fig. 1. Geological map of the distribution of Proterozoic strata in western Yangtze block (modified from Geng et al., 2017)
图 2 盐边群区域地质简图及采样位置
Fig. 2. Simplified geological map and sampling position of the Yanbian Group
图 3 盐边群火山岩野外和镜下照片.(a, b)荒田组玄武岩及镜下特征；(c, d)渔门组晶屑凝灰岩及镜下特征；(e, f)小坪组火山角砾岩及镜下特征；(g, h)乍古组凝灰岩及镜下特征
Fig. 3. Field and microscopic photos of the volcanic rocks. Microscopic photo of basalts from Huangtian Formation (a, b), microscopic photos of tuff from Yumen Formation (c, d), microscopic photo of volcanic breccia from Xiaoping Formation (e, f), microscopic photos of tuff from Zhagu Formation (g, h)
图 5 盐边群火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图
Fig. 5. Zircon U-Pb concordia diagrams of volcanic rocks from the Yanbian Group
图 6 荒田组玄武岩Nb/Y-Zr/TiO2×0.000 1(Winchester and Floyd, 1976)(a)和Zr/Y-Th/Yb图解(b)
Fig. 6. Nb/Y-Zr/TiO2×0.000 1(Winchester and Floyd, 1976) (a) and Zr/Y-Th/Yb (b) diagrams of the Huangtian basalts
图 8 荒田组玄武岩εNd(t)-age图解
Fig. 8. Plot of εNd(t)-age from the basalts in the Huangtian Formation
图 9 扬子西缘荒田组玄武岩哈克图解
Fig. 9. Harker diagrams of Huangtian basalts in the western Yangtze block
图 10 扬子西缘荒田玄武岩Zr-Ti(a, Pearce and Cann, 1973)、Ba/Nb-La/Nb(b, Fan et al., 2004)、εNd(t)-Nb/Y(c, Zhang et al., 2013)和Sm-Sm/Yb(d, Aldanmaz et al., 2000)图解
Fig. 10. Zr-Ti (a, Pearce and Cann, 1973), Ba/Nb-La/Nb (b, Fan et al., 2004), εNd(t)-Nb/Y (c, Zhang et al., 2013) and Sm-Sm/Yb (d, Aldanmaz et al., 2000) diagrams for the Huangtian basalts
图 11 扬子板块西缘新元古代构造演化模式
Fig. 11. Tectonic evolution model for the western Yangtze block in Neoproterozoic
表 1 盐边群火山岩锆石U-Pb定年结果
Table 1. Zircon U-Pb analyses of volcanic rocks in Yanbian Group
测点 U Th 同位素比值 同位素年龄(Ma) 207Pb/206Pb 207Pb/235U 206Pb/238U 207Pb/206Pb 206Pb/238U Th/U 荒田组 1.1 108 102 0.069 30 0.001 83 1.260 26 0.040 73 0.131 13 0.001 64 909 53 794 9.3 0.9 2.1 1001050.067 120.001 651.113 540.032 950.120 260.002 228425073212.81.03.1 56340.092 150.003 381.784 000.070 060.140 440.002 4414726984713.80.64.1 57580.546 170.039 80590.9 46219.0 475.556 452.047 31437010612122082.41.05.1 99 66 0.068 54 0.002 76 1.230 10 0.037 46 0.130 84 0.002 40 887 83 792 13.7 0.6 6.1 105640.117 560.003 032.093 550.057 120.129 320.002 2819204678413.10.67.1 75 79 0.067 82 0.002 03 1.229 55 0.035 34 0.131 93 0.001 65 864 62 798 9.4 1.0 8.1 431 347 0.072 23 0.001 54 1.313 18 0.040 03 0.131 37 0.002 05 992 42 795 11.7 0.8 9.1 42 20 0.063 10 0.002 38 1.158 76 0.041 49 0.133 72 0.002 34 722 81 809 13.3 0.4 10.1 109720.070 130.001 741.433 880.037 380.148 320.002 349315189113.10.611.1 60 29 0.066 85 0.001 78 1.210 91 0.032 29 0.131 78 0.002 07 833 55 798 11.7 0.4 渔门组 1.1 65 42 0.064 85 0.002 35 1.208 45 0.040 82 0.135 82 0.001 91 768 71 821 10.8 0.6 2.1 6766830.047 400.003 430.013 890.001 040.002 130.269 9277157130.31.03.1 181 186 0.066 90 0.001 18 1.289 93 0.024 89 0.139 96 0.001 41 835 37 844 8.0 1.0 4.1 172 305 0.066 07 0.001 16 1.250 43 0.030 14 0.137 63 0.002 79 809 41 831 15.8 1.7 5.1 1802230.115 310.008 372.305 010.193 900.140 140.002 49188413184514.11.26.1 2834200.081 190.003 191.344 460.066 420.119 240.002 3212277772613.31.47.1 263 267 0.067 96 0.001 06 1.309 88 0.031 13 0.139 58 0.002 07 877 32 842 11.7 1.0 8.1 84 68 0.067 05 0.001 54 1.302 43 0.031 98 0.141 05 0.001 68 838 48 850 9.4 0.8 9.1 24217100.053 060.000 850.182 990.003 230.025 050.000 29331371591.80.310.1 246 566 0.066 49 0.001 28 1.274 85 0.031 48 0.139 01 0.002 13 821 36 839 12.1 2.3 11.1 2243320.070 390.001 481.197 340.037 480.123 230.002 779384374915.91.412.1 247 118 0.069 02 0.001 22 1.356 71 0.024 99 0.142 70 0.001 68 899 68 859 9.4 0.4 13.1 274 510 0.068 86 0.001 22 1.052 51 0.032 54 0.110 73 0.002 75 894 37 677 15.9 1.8 14.1 92 133 0.066 50 0.001 55 1.286 25 0.035 70 0.140 05 0.002 02 833 49 844 11.4 1.4 15.1 132 181 0.071 10 0.001 53 1.369 62 0.058 78 0.138 70 0.004 10 961 44 837 23.2 1.3 16.1 541 691 0.066 67 0.001 28 0.914 07 0.023 79 0.099 39 0.001 99 827 45 610 11.7 1.2 17.1 128 113 0.068 66 0.001 50 1.321 36 0.034 49 0.139 41 0.002 13 888 78 841 12.1 0.8 小坪组 1.1 103 100 0.070 21 0.001 64 1.376 30 0.033 14 0.142 40 0.001 80 1000 48.15 858 10.1 0.9 2.1 63 301 0.070 99 0.002 08 1.410 39 0.047 68 0.144 35 0.002 89 966 60.3375 869 16.2 4.7 3.1 277 202 0.070 22 0.001 04 1.408 74 0.029 41 0.145 04 0.002 34 1000 29.6275 875 13.2 0.7 4.1 230 81 0.067 67 0.001 10 1.342 26 0.029 83 0.143 87 0.002 24 858 29.475 865 12.6 0.4 5.1 296 260 0.069 34 0.000 89 1.395 45 0.026 64 0.145 08 0.002 22 909 58.335 877 12.5 0.8 6.1 154 179 0.068 84 0.001 51 1.389 46 0.038 17 0.146 96 0.002 42 894 45.5275 879 13.6 1.1 7.1 75 65 0.070 27 0.001 87 1.388 28 0.042 44 0.143 81 0.001 96 936 55.555 861 11.0 0.8 8.1 271 204 0.071 01 0.001 00 1.418 88 0.025 71 0.144 92 0.001 66 966 29.6325 870 9.4 0.7 9.1 75 69 0.069 96 0.002 24 1.378 57 0.044 58 0.142 53 0.001 64 927 65.28 861 9.2 0.9 10.1 246 163 0.069 97 0.001 49 1.392 59 0.032 90 0.144 45 0.002 10 927 44.4475 869 11.8 0.6 11.1 238 204 0.072 09 0.001 28 1.429 47 0.027 04 0.143 62 0.001 85 988 39.8175 866 10.4 0.8 12.1 458 474 0.069 92 0.000 78 1.402 01 0.022 79 0.145 72 0.001 62 927 24.0725 873 9.1 1.0 13.1 164 96 0.070 62 0.001 75 1.393 88 0.037 67 0.142 15 0.001 45 946 51.8525 861 8.3 0.5 14.1 43 40 0.072 12 0.003 01 1.416 17 0.059 93 0.142 68 0.002 40 990 85.1875 861 13.5 0.9 15.1 66 86 0.069 44 0.002 00 1.368 77 0.044 13 0.142 95 0.002 13 922 59.26 860 12.0 1.2 16.1 242 136 0.069 14 0.001 03 1.389 93 0.028 30 0.145 48 0.001 75 902 63.8925 875 9.8 0.5 17.1 140 97 0.068 22 0.001 40 1.341 26 0.029 56 0.142 84 0.001 79 875 42.5925 860 10.1 0.6 18.1 46460.069 250.002 351.599 660.061 470.167 810.003 0190570.37599916.61.019.1 82 71 0.070 20 0.002 64 1.363 18 0.052 21 0.140 31 0.001 87 1000 77.01 850 10.5 0.8 20.1 63 69 0.073 19 0.002 86 1.436 84 0.057 01 0.142 03 0.001 87 1020 79.6325 859 10.5 1.0 21.1 221 149 0.070 17 0.001 30 1.410 68 0.033 18 0.145 19 0.002 64 1000 38.89 878 14.8 0.6 22.1 332 258 0.068 26 0.001 01 1.335 33 0.025 40 0.141 79 0.001 57 875 33.335 855 8.8 0.7 23.1 259 148 0.070 23 0.001 16 1.375 13 0.027 27 0.142 82 0.001 72 1000 33.3325 856 9.7 0.5 24.1 154 74 0.071 36 0.001 52 1.389 02 0.032 35 0.141 21 0.001 35 968 44.445 851 7.6 0.4 25.1 60 38 0.071 74 0.002 30 1.388 08 0.043 87 0.141 81 0.002 07 988 60.19 851 11.7 0.6 26.1 180 251 0.072 68 0.001 63 1.439 29 0.045 57 0.143 31 0.002 98 100 45.5275 864 16.8 1.3 27.1 148860.103 450.006 572.252 960.172 090.153 370.003 1792765.2891917.70.628.1 2431160.233 750.028 639.479 251.937 260.211 140.015 543079191123482.60.4乍古组 1.1 342 272 0.069 84 0.001 04 1.509 12 0.024 95 0.156 46 0.001 24 924 29.6275 937 6.8 0.7 2.1 2031710.102 710.005 302.226 460.125 370.155 800.001 37167395.219337.60.83.1 352 226 0.068 06 0.000 97 1.460 03 0.027 05 0.155 60 0.002 47 872 28.55 932 13.7 0.6 4.1 211 179 0.070 34 0.001 89 1.505 74 0.039 76 0.155 41 0.001 97 938 54.1675 931 10.7 0.8 5.1 76410.078 380.003 561.635 830.084 020.150 490.002 24116689.347590312.30.56.1 88 64 0.070 64 0.001 57 1.515 84 0.039 96 0.155 46 0.002 17 946 45.215 931 11.8 0.7 7.1 257 239 0.070 51 0.001 32 1.509 63 0.029 91 0.155 46 0.002 01 942 37.8075 931 11.5 0.9 8.1 114710.125 680.015 644.286 671.756 310.164 670.017 712038221.91598298.00.69.1 198 149 0.074 38 0.001 55 1.616 83 0.041 23 0.157 40 0.002 28 1053 42.5925 942 12.7 0.7 10.1 93 67 0.071 70 0.002 75 1.525 39 0.062 82 0.153 86 0.001 80 977 77.78 922 10.0 0.7 11.1 169 117 0.071 08 0.001 68 1.538 62 0.045 07 0.156 95 0.002 77 961 49.23 939 15.4 0.6 12.1 72 83 0.068 77 0.002 08 1.479 32 0.043 68 0.156 47 0.002 01 892 62.9625 937 11.2 1.1 13.1 3161430.057 540.001 390.545 730.013 740.068 830.000 7352253.74294.40.414.1 256 299 0.074 19 0.002 16 1.599 07 0.044 49 0.156 59 0.001 59 1055 59.2575 937 8.8 1.1 15.1 100 89 0.068 83 0.001 91 1.484 03 0.042 34 0.156 50 0.001 88 894 57.87 937 10.5 0.8 16.1 83 83 0.071 20 0.002 08 1.533 31 0.052 41 0.155 95 0.002 73 964 57.4075 934 15.2 1.0 17.1 191 204 0.072 01 0.001 53 1.547 40 0.039 11 0.155 69 0.002 01 987 43.365 932 11.2 1.1 18.1 276 248 0.070 72 0.001 25 1.535 37 0.033 52 0.157 24 0.002 19 949 32.41 941 12.2 0.8 19.1 130 151 0.068 73 0.001 65 1.479 15 0.040 35 0.156 17 0.002 38 900 49.2275 935 13.2 1.1 注：划掉的数据为误差较大年龄，不参与计算. 
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表 2 荒田组玄武岩主量、微量和稀土元素分析结果
Table 2. Major and trace element data for the volcanic rocks from the Huangtian Formation
HT-1 HT-2 HT-3 HT-4 HT-5 HT-6 HT-7 HT-1 HT-2 HT-3 HT-4 HT-5 HT-6 HT-7 SiO2 46.56 46.36 46.32 47.38 48.69 47.57 47.68 Ce 17.70 16.77 13.16 14.32 14.24 17.26 14.33 Al2O3 14.96 14.66 15.71 13.32 13.12 14.03 13.52 Pr 2.87 2.83 1.91 2.30 2.23 2.71 2.25 CaO 11.28 10.99 12.67 11.71 10.48 10.61 12.20 Nd 14.80 14.43 9.64 12.18 11.84 13.78 12.17 FeOT 13.89 13.61 12.26 14.45 13.80 14.08 14.19 Sm 4.84 4.79 2.85 4.05 3.96 4.47 4.11 K2O 0.24 0.26 0.22 0.22 0.19 0.19 0.27 Eu 1.51 1.54 1.15 1.50 1.39 1.58 1.55 MgO 6.45 6.81 6.31 6.81 6.58 6.68 6.70 Gd 6.61 6.35 3.57 5.49 5.61 6.13 5.69 MnO 0.22 0.219 0.23 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.21 Tb 1.11 1.07 0.57 0.92 0.92 1.00 0.94 Na2O 2.20 2.23 2.62 2.28 3.25 2.84 1.90 Dy 7.37 7.06 3.69 6.11 5.97 6.56 6.18 P2O5 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.22 0.23 0.22 0.22 Ho 1.45 1.44 0.75 1.22 1.22 1.32 1.27 TiO2 1.46 1.70 1.16 1.74 1.74 1.72 1.76 Er 3.47 3.36 2.29 3.76 3.79 4.10 3.81 LOI 1.06 1.12 1.36 0.97 1.04 1.14 0.72 Tm 0.65 0.62 0.31 0.53 0.52 0.57 0.54 Li 3.81 3.03 3.08 3.19 2.36 2.99 3.34 Yb 4.07 4.01 2.02 3.38 3.38 3.65 3.42 Be 0.54 0.63 0.43 0.43 0.57 0.55 0.48 Lu 0.61 0.61 0.30 0.50 0.51 0.54 0.52 Sc 53.25 52.78 47.04 51.40 49.58 51.64 53.12 Hf 2.87 2.74 1.51 2.35 2.44 2.81 2.38 Ti 10 409 10 365 7 281 10 516 10 333 10 538 10 858 Ta 0.12 0.16 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.13 0.11 V 382.10 394.21 321.02 397.87 374.28 383.14 404.47 W 0.64 0.51 0.35 0.31 0.33 0.47 0.32 Cr 190.67 194.38 193.32 222.49 212.83 219.80 227.73 Tl 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.04 Mn 1 764.9 1 757.5 1 905.2 1 689.2 1 578.9 1 773.7 1 723.8 Pb 2.35 1.95 2.09 1.00 3.78 1.41 1.03 Co 53.27 46.93 45.71 57.72 45.89 41.40 54.58 Bi 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 Ni 56.93 57.84 69.87 66.46 55.62 54.93 61.03 Th 0.50 0.46 0.64 0.31 0.30 0.53 0.29 Cu 87.96 77.76 80.93 81.99 52.86 54.59 101.8 U 0.09 0.09 0.22 0.10 0.11 0.17 0.11 Zn 138.33 119.57 79.16 94.30 93.31 95.65 93.68 Cd 0.16 0.11 0.14 0.17 0.10 0.10 0.15 Ga 21.25 21.08 17.64 18.41 16.02 18.44 18.65 In 0.12 0.12 0.06 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.09 Ge 1.81 1.74 1.29 1.62 1.73 1.47 1.70 Sn 0.81 0.77 0.70 1.38 0.81 0.98 0.82 As 4.91 2.28 0.40 2.89 5.00 0.47 0.41 Sb 0.12 0.23 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.02 Rb 2.63 2.18 1.84 2.29 1.09 2.21 4.30 Cs 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.02 Sr 160.91 160.19 310.79 179.26 229.30 194.96 176.68 La 7.22 7.32 5.18 5.12 5.05 6.48 5.06 Y 38.42 38.46 20.59 34.08 33.04 36.41 33.51 Ce 18.70 18.77 13.16 14.32 14.24 17.26 14.33 Zr 70.26 80.88 52.13 80.99 78.78 93.39 79.74 La 5.22 5.32 5.18 5.12 5.05 6.48 5.06 Ba 110.44 102.42 119.51 121.71 155.35 90.929 62.325 Nb 1.66 1.63 1.36 1.45 1.43 1.91 1.50 注：主量元素单位为10-2；微量和稀土元素单位为10-6.
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表 3 荒田组玄武岩全岩Nd同位素分析结果
Table 3. Whole-rock Nd isotopic compositions for basalts from the Huangtian Formation
样品 t (Ma) Sm Nd 147Sm/144Nd 143Nd/144Nd (143Nd/144Nd)i 1σ εNd(t) tDM1 (Ma) tDM2 (Ma) HT-1 797 2.85 9.64 0.178 65 0.511 802 0.511 609 0.000 002 3.8 1 801 1 165 HT-2 797 4.05 12.18 0.201 08 0.511 862 0.511 609 0.000 002 4.9 2 868 1 071 HT-3 797 3.96 11.84 0.202 56 0.511 853 0.511 609 0.000 003 4.8 3 263 1 085 HT-4 797 4.47 13.78 0.196 33 0.511 831 0.511 609 0.000 002 4.3 2 573 1 120 HT-5 797 4.12 12.17 0.204 32 0.511 846 0.511 609 0.000 002 4.6 3 841 1 096
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