Nitrogen-Fixing Anabaena sp. Mediated As(Ⅲ) Oxidation and Its Response to Ammonium Input
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摘要: 铵氮在砷的生物地球化学循环过程中发挥着重要作用，但铵氮输入对藻类介导的As（Ⅲ）生物氧化机理尚不清楚.以固氮蓝藻鱼腥藻（Anabaena sp.）为研究对象，通过室内模拟实验，研究在不同浓度As（Ⅲ）条件下，鱼腥藻对As（Ⅲ）的毒性响应和氧化作用，并研究了外源铵氮输入对鱼腥藻的生长以及氧化As（Ⅲ）的影响.结果表明，鱼腥藻的半抑制浓度（IC50）值为15.59 mg/L，当As（Ⅲ）的浓度为0.1 mg/L、1 mg/L和10 mg/L时，分别在1 d、2 d和7 d内被完全氧化为As（Ⅴ），并且随着As（Ⅲ）浓度增加，鱼腥藻的固氮作用增强.NH4+浓度在234 mg/L以内时，对鱼腥藻（Anabaena sp.）的生长有促进作用，随着NH4+浓度从0 mg/L增加至1 mg/L、45 mg/L和234 mg/L，1 mg/L As（Ⅲ）分别在48 h、36 h、24 h和12 h被完全氧化.随着NH4+浓度增加，鱼腥藻对砷的吸附量增加，As（Ⅲ）的氧化加速.研究结果有助于阐释天然水体中铵氮在砷生物转化过程中的作用.Abstract: Ammonium plays an important role in the biogeochemical cycle of arsenic, but the mechanism of ammonium input on algae-mediated As(Ⅲ) bio-oxidation remains unexplored. The arsenic-resistant cyanobacteria Anabaena sp. was used in this study. Through laboratory simulation experiments, the toxicity, oxidation of different As(Ⅲ)concentrations mediated by Anabaena sp. was investigated. The influences of the input of exogenous ammonium on the growth of Anabaena sp. and the oxidation of As(Ⅲ) were also explored. The results show that the IC50 value of Anabaena sp. was 15.59 mg/L, and 0.1 mg/L, 1 mg/L and 10 mg/L As(Ⅲ) were completely oxidized to As(Ⅴ) within 1 d, 2 d and 7 d, respectively, after inoculating Anabaena sp., With the concentration of As(Ⅲ) increased, the nitrogen fixation effect of Anabaena sp. is enhanced. Furthermore, the growth of Anabaena sp. was promoted within 234 mg/L NH4+. With the increase of NH4+ concentration from 0 mg/L to 1 mg/L, 45 mg/L and 234 mg/L, 1 mg/L As(Ⅲ) was completely oxidized at 48 h, 36 h, 24 h and 12 h, respectively, as the concentration of NH4+ increases, the adsorption of Anabaena sp. to arsenic increases, and the oxidation of As(Ⅲ) accelerates. The research results help to interpret the role of ammonium nitrogen in the process of arsenic biotransformation in natural waters.
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Key words:
- anabaena sp /
- arsenite /
- ammonium /
- toxicity /
- oxidation /
- adsorption /
- geochemistry
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图 1 不同浓度As(Ⅲ)对鱼腥藻生长的影响(*表示不同As(Ⅲ)浓度处理组中鱼腥藻在第10 d的生长与对照组相比存在显著差异，p < 0.05)
Fig. 1. The effect of different As(Ⅲ) concentrations on the growth of Anabaena sp. (*Indicates that there is a significant difference in the growth of Anabaena sp. on the 10 d in the treatments with different As(Ⅲ) concentrations compared with the control group, p < 0.05)
图 2 不同浓度As(Ⅲ)对鱼腥藻的叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素合成的影响(*表示不同As(Ⅲ)浓度处理组中鱼腥藻在第10 d的色素合成与对照组相比存在显著差异，p < 0.05)
Fig. 2. The effect of different As(Ⅲ) concentrations on the chlorophyll a and carotenoids of Anabaena sp. (*Indicates that the pigments synthesis of Anabaena sp. on the 10 d in the treatment groups with different As(Ⅲ) concentrations was significantly different from that in the control group, p < 0.05)
图 3 鱼腥藻对不同浓度As(Ⅲ)的转化
a.0.1 mg/L; b.1 mg/L; c.10 mg/L; d.无藻
Fig. 3. The transformation of As(Ⅲ) by Anabaena sp. in the medium with different As(Ⅲ) concentrations
图 4 不同浓度As(Ⅲ)培养液中无机氮的含量
a.NH4+; b.NO3-; c.NO2-
Fig. 4. The inorganic nitrogen in the medium with different As(Ⅲ) concentrations
图 5 1 mg/L As(Ⅲ)浓度下不同浓度NH4+对鱼腥藻生长的影响
Fig. 5. The effect of different NH4+ concentrations on the growth of Anabaena sp. under 1 mg/L As(Ⅲ)
图 6 1 mg/L As(Ⅲ)浓度下不同浓度NH4+对鱼腥藻的叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素合成的影响
Fig. 6. The effect of adding different NH4+ concentrations on the chlorophyll a and carotenoids of Anabaena sp. under 1 mg/L As(Ⅲ)
图 7 1 mg/L As(Ⅲ)浓度下不同浓度NH4+培养液中砷的含量
a.As(T); b.As(Ⅲ); c.As(Ⅴ)
Fig. 7. The concentrations of arsenic in the medium with different NH4+ concentrations under 1 mg/L As(Ⅲ)
图 8 不同浓度NH4+条件下藻细胞表面吸附砷的含量
Fig. 8. The adsorbed arsenic on the surface of algal cells under different NH4+ concentrations
表 1 不同NH4+浓度条件下准一级和准二级动力学方程的动力学参数
Table 1. Kinetic parameters obtained from pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order under different NH4+ concentrations
准一级动力学 准二级动力学 NH4+浓度(mg/L) k1(h‒1) R2 k2(g/μg·h) R2 0 0.106 0.998 2.027×10‒4 0.997 234 0.545 0.984 4.103×10‒4 0.995 
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